draft: Make Tool Steps Seperate Pages

fix(policies): poll runs to completion with progress, soft-retry when queue is full (#6690 )
## What & why Production reports of policy enforcement "hanging" traced to large/many-page documents: the watermark step's flatten-to-image (`convertPDFToImage`) on a 500+ page PDF takes minutes, exceeding both the client poll cap and the backend per-step timeout. This makes the slow case graceful instead of looking broken, and makes load-shedding non-fatal. ### Poll runs to completion (no false "hang") The client poll loop used a flat ~150s cap that was **shorter than the backend's 300s per-step timeout**, so it abandoned long-but-healthy runs mid-flight. The budget is now sized to the backend's real worst case — `stepCount × per-step timeout + grace`, learned from the first status report — so the client always polls long enough to surface the run's **actual** terminal state (success or the backend's real error) rather than a misleading client-side timeout. ### Per-step progress The activity feed now shows `Enforcing… · step n/m` (from `currentStep`/`stepCount`), so a slow step shows movement instead of a dead spinner. ### Soft-retry on queue rejection Under load the shared `JobQueue` rejects runs ("queue full"), which previously surfaced as a hard failure needing a manual Retry. The backend now tags that rejection with a stable `POLICY_QUEUE_FULL` errorCode; the client treats it as transient backpressure and **auto-retries the file in place** with exponential backoff (≈4s→64s, ~2 min), shown as a soft "Busy — retrying…" row, falling back to the manual Retry only once the retry budget is spent. ## Testing - **Frontend unit tests** (30 pass across the policies suite), including a new `usePolicyAutoRun.retry.test.tsx` that drives the real controller orchestration (poll → `POLICY_QUEUE_FULL` → relabel → backoff → in-place re-dispatch), plus poll-budget, step-progress, and activity-feed relabel cases. - **Backend** `PolicyEngineTest` case asserting a queue-rejected run carries the `POLICY_QUEUE_FULL` code. - Typecheck clean on all three flavors (proprietary/saas/core); prettier + spotless clean. - Poll-budget + progress + real-error surfacing were also verified live end-to-end against a 599-page run (survived past the old cap, showed step progress, reported the backend's real 300s-timeout failure, recovered after a simulated network drop). ## Not included (follow-ups) - The underlying flatten-to-image cost itself (bounded-memory/streaming flatten, revisiting `convertPDFToImage` default and the 300s timeout) — the real perf fix, deliberately out of scope here.
2026-09-03 13:20:08 +03:00 · 2026-06-17 16:44:02 +01:00 · 2026-06-16 17:32:12 +00:00 · 2026-06-16 16:23:34 +00:00 · 2026-06-16 17:16:07 +01:00 · 2026-06-16 17:13:10 +01:00
1055 changed files with 126455 additions and 9603 deletions
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 build: &build
  - build.gradle
  - app/(common|core|proprietary)/build.gradle
+  - Taskfile.yml
+  - .taskfiles/backend.yml

 openapi: &openapi
  - *build
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@ project: &project
  - frontend/**
  - docker/**
  - scripts/RestartHelper.java
+  - Taskfile.yml
+  - .taskfiles/backend.yml
+  - .taskfiles/docker.yml
  - scripts/db-migration/**
  - .github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml

@@ -55,6 +60,9 @@ frontend: &frontend
  - scripts/summarize_type3_signatures.py
  - scripts/type3_to_cff.py
  - scripts/update_type3_library.py
+  - Taskfile.yml
+  - .taskfiles/frontend.yml
+  - .taskfiles/e2e.yml

 # Files that affect the Tauri desktop bundle. Gate the multi-OS Tauri build
 # job on changes to any of these.
@@ -66,6 +74,8 @@ tauri: &tauri
  - frontend/package-lock.json
  - frontend/editor/vite.config.ts
  - .github/workflows/tauri-build.yml
+  - Taskfile.yml
+  - .taskfiles/desktop.yml

 # Files that affect the AI engine (Python tool models, fixers, tests). Gate
 # the engine validation job on changes to engine sources or to the Java
@@ -74,6 +84,8 @@ engine: &engine
  - engine/**
  - app/(common|core|proprietary)/src/main/java/**
  - .github/workflows/ai-engine.yml
+  - Taskfile.yml
+  - .taskfiles/engine.yml

 licenses-frontend: &licenses-frontend
  - ".github/workflows/frontend-backend-licenses-update.yml"
@@ -102,4 +114,4 @@ proprietary: &proprietary
  - configs/settings.yml.template
  - build.gradle
  - app/proprietary/build.gradle
-  - .github/workflows/build-enterprise.yml
+  - .github/workflows/build-enterprise.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Usage:
 """

 # Sample for Windows:
-# python .github/scripts/check_language_toml.py --reference-file frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml --branch "" --files frontend/editor/public/locales/de-DE/translation.toml frontend/editor/public/locales/fr-FR/translation.toml
+# python .github/scripts/check_language_toml.py --reference-file frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml --branch "" --files frontend/editor/public/locales/de-DE/translation.toml frontend/editor/public/locales/fr-FR/translation.toml

 import argparse
 import glob
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ def check_for_differences(reference_file, file_list, branch, actor):
            )
            continue

-        if basename_current_file == basename_reference_file and locale_dir == "en-GB":
+        if basename_current_file == basename_reference_file and locale_dir == "en-US":
            continue

        if (
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ def check_for_differences(reference_file, file_list, branch, actor):
        report.append("## ❌ Overall Check Status: **_Failed_**")
        report.append("")
        report.append(
-            f"@{actor} please check your translation if it conforms to the standard. Follow the format of [en-GB/translation.toml](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml)"
+            f"@{actor} please check your translation if it conforms to the standard. Follow the format of [en-US/translation.toml](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml)"
        )
    else:
        report.append("## ✅ Overall Check Status: **_Success_**")
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push V2 image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true' && steps.check-image.outputs.exists == 'false'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ jobs:
                SECURITY_ENABLELOGIN: "true"
                SECURITY_INITIALLOGIN_USERNAME: "${{ secrets.TEST_LOGIN_USERNAME }}"
                SECURITY_INITIALLOGIN_PASSWORD: "${{ secrets.TEST_LOGIN_PASSWORD }}"
-                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-GB
+                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-US
                UI_APPNAME: "Stirling-PDF V2 PR#${{ needs.check-pr.outputs.pr_number }}"
                UI_HOMEDESCRIPTION: "V2 PR#${{ needs.check-pr.outputs.pr_number }} - Embedded Architecture"
                UI_APPNAMENAVBAR: "V2 PR#${{ needs.check-pr.outputs.pr_number }}"
@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Run Gradle Command
        run: |
          if [ "${{ needs.check-comment.outputs.disable_security }}" == "true" ]; then
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push PR-specific image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push engine image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true' && needs.check-comment.outputs.enable_prototypes == 'true'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: ./engine
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ jobs:
              environment:
                DISABLE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES: "${DISABLE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES}"
                SECURITY_ENABLELOGIN: "${LOGIN_SECURITY}"
-                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-GB
+                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-US
                UI_APPNAME: "Stirling-PDF PR#${PR_NUMBER}"
                UI_HOMEDESCRIPTION: "PR#${PR_NUMBER} for Stirling-PDF Latest"
                UI_APPNAMENAVBAR: "PR#${PR_NUMBER}"
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0

      - name: Regenerate tool models
        run: task engine:tool-models
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Check Java formatting (Spotless)
        # Runs once per matrix combination - pick the cheapest leg
        # (core - no proprietary, no saas) so we don't wait for the
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
          cache: "npm"
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Install Playwright (chromium only)
        run: task e2e:install -- chromium
      - name: Build frontend (needed for playwright's vite preview webServer)
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Check licenses for compatibility
        run: task backend:licenses:check
        env:
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Generate OpenAPI documentation
        run: task backend:swagger
        env:
@@ -166,16 +166,16 @@ jobs:

            // Determine reference file
            let referenceFilePath;
-            if (changedFiles.includes("frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml")) {
+            if (changedFiles.includes("frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml")) {
              console.log("Using PR branch reference file.");
              const { data: fileContent } = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
                owner: prRepoOwner,
                repo: prRepoName,
-                path: "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml",
+                path: "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml",
                ref: branch,
              });

-              referenceFilePath = "pr-branch-translation-en-GB.toml";
+              referenceFilePath = "pr-branch-translation-en-US.toml";
              const content = Buffer.from(fileContent.content, "base64").toString("utf-8");
              fs.writeFileSync(referenceFilePath, content);
            } else {
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ jobs:
              const { data: fileContent } = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
                owner: repoOwner,
                repo: repoName,
-                path: "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml",
+                path: "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml",
                ref: "main",
              });

-              referenceFilePath = "main-branch-translation-en-GB.toml";
+              referenceFilePath = "main-branch-translation-en-US.toml";
              const content = Buffer.from(fileContent.content, "base64").toString("utf-8");
              fs.writeFileSync(referenceFilePath, content);
            }
@@ -293,6 +293,6 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          echo "Cleaning up temporary files..."
          rm -rf pr-branch
-          rm -f pr-branch-translation-en-GB.toml main-branch-translation-en-GB.toml changed_files.txt result.txt
+          rm -f pr-branch-translation-en-US.toml main-branch-translation-en-US.toml changed_files.txt result.txt
          echo "Cleanup complete."
        continue-on-error: true # Ensure cleanup runs even if previous steps fail
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      # No `-PnoSpotless` here yet because the upstream cache layer matches the
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push frontend image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true' && steps.check-frontend.outputs.exists == 'false'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push backend image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true' && steps.check-backend.outputs.exists == 'false'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ jobs:
              environment:
                DISABLE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES: "true"
                SECURITY_ENABLELOGIN: "false"
-                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-GB
+                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-US
                UI_APPNAME: "Stirling-PDF V2"
                UI_HOMEDESCRIPTION: "V2 Frontend/Backend Split"
                UI_APPNAMENAVBAR: "V2 Deployment"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
          cache: "npm"
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Install Playwright (chromium only)
        run: task e2e:install -- chromium
      - name: Build frontend (production bundle for vite preview)
@@ -188,10 +188,30 @@ jobs:
          name: backend-log-live-${{ github.run_id }}
          path: .test-state/playwright/backend.log
          retention-days: 7
-      - name: Upload Playwright report
+      - name: List Playwright output locations (debug)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          echo "::group::Playwright output dirs"
+          # Playwright anchors its default outputDir + HTML report to the
+          # nearest package.json, which is frontend/ (frontend/editor has
+          # none), so artifacts land under frontend/, not frontend/editor/.
+          ls -la frontend/playwright-report 2>/dev/null \
+            || echo "no playwright-report at frontend/"
+          ls -la frontend/test-results 2>/dev/null \
+            || echo "no test-results at frontend/"
+          find . -name node_modules -prune -o -name 'trace.zip' -print 2>/dev/null || true
+          echo "::endgroup::"
+      - name: Upload Playwright report + traces
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
        with:
          name: playwright-report-live-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: frontend/editor/playwright-report/
+          # test-results/ holds the per-test trace.zip (with browser console
+          # logs) + screenshots/video; playwright-report/ is the HTML report.
+          # Both live under frontend/ (Playwright anchors them to the nearest
+          # package.json, which is frontend/; frontend/editor has none).
+          path: |
+            frontend/playwright-report/
+            frontend/test-results/
          retention-days: 7
+          if-no-files-found: warn
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
          cache: "npm"
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Install Playwright (chromium only)
        run: task e2e:install -- chromium
      - name: Build frontend (production bundle for vite preview)
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
        run: npm ci --ignore-scripts --audit=false --fund=false

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Generate frontend license report (internal PR)
        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false
        env:
@@ -349,10 +349,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Check licenses and generate report
        id: license-check
        run: task backend:licenses:generate || echo "LICENSE_CHECK_FAILED=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
          cache: "npm"
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Quality-check frontend
        id: frontend-check
        run: task frontend:check:all
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Get version number
        id: versionNumber
        run: |
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Setup Node.js
        if: matrix.variant.build_frontend == true
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0

      - name: Build JAR
        run: ./gradlew build ${{ matrix.variant.build_frontend && '-PbuildWithFrontend=true' || '' }} -x spotlessApply -x spotlessCheck -x test -x sonarqube
@@ -252,10 +252,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0

      # Build the universal JRE before desktop:prepare so the jlink:runtime
      # task short-circuits on its `test -d runtime/jre` status check.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Install all Playwright browsers
        run: task e2e:install

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Generate tags for base image
        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@80c7e94dd9b9319bd5eb7a0e0fe9291e23a2a2e9 # v6.1.0
        with:
          images: |
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_ORG_USERNAME }}/stirling-pdf-base
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        id: buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Get version number
        id: versionNumber
        run: echo "versionNumber=$(./gradlew printVersion --quiet | tail -1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Generate tags for latest
        id: meta
        if: env.RUN_MAIN_APP == 'true'
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@80c7e94dd9b9319bd5eb7a0e0fe9291e23a2a2e9 # v6.1.0
        with:
          images: |
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USERNAME }}/s-pdf
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Generate tags for latest-fat
        id: meta-fat
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@80c7e94dd9b9319bd5eb7a0e0fe9291e23a2a2e9 # v6.1.0
        if: env.RUN_MAIN_APP == 'true' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/testMain'
        with:
          images: |
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Generate tags for ultra-lite
        id: meta-lite
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@80c7e94dd9b9319bd5eb7a0e0fe9291e23a2a2e9 # v6.1.0
        if: env.RUN_MAIN_APP == 'true' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/testMain'
        with:
          images: |
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
          egress-policy: audit

      - name: 30 days stale issues
-        uses: actions/stale@b5d41d4e1d5dceea10e7104786b73624c18a190f # v10.2.0
+        uses: actions/stale@eb5cf3af3ac0a1aa4c9c45633dd1ae542a27a899 # v10.3.0
        with:
          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          days-before-stale: 30
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Generate Swagger documentation
        run: ./gradlew :stirling-pdf:generateOpenApiDocs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
          SWAGGERHUB_USER: "Frooodle"

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Get version number
        id: versionNumber
        run: echo "versionNumber=$(./gradlew printVersion --quiet | tail -1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Sync translation TOML files
        run: |
-          python .github/scripts/check_language_toml.py --reference-file "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml" --branch main
+          python .github/scripts/check_language_toml.py --reference-file "frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml" --branch main

      - name: pre-commit run
        run: |
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ jobs:
            This Pull Request was automatically generated to synchronize updates to translation files and documentation. Below are the details of the changes made:

            #### **1. Synchronization of Translation Files**
-            - Updated translation files (`frontend/editor/public/locales/*/translation.toml`) to reflect changes in the reference file `en-GB/translation.toml`.
+            - Updated translation files (`frontend/editor/public/locales/*/translation.toml`) to reflect changes in the reference file `en-US/translation.toml`.
            - Ensured consistency and synchronization across all supported language files.
            - Highlighted any missing or incomplete translations.
            - **Format**: TOML
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Setup Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0

      - name: Build universal macOS JRE
        if: matrix.platform == 'macos-15'
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1
          cache-disabled: true

      - name: Install Task
-        uses: go-task/setup-task@3be4020d41929789a01026e0e427a4321ce0ad44 # v2.0.0
+        uses: go-task/setup-task@01a4adf9db2d14c1de7a560f09170b6e0df736aa # v2.1.0
      - name: Build application
        run: task backend:build
        env:
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build ${{ matrix.docker-rev }} (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build docker/unoserver/Dockerfile (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Gradle
        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
        with:
-          gradle-version: 9.3.1
+          gradle-version: 9.5.1

      - name: Build with Gradle
        run: ./gradlew build
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push test image (Depot)
        if: env.USE_DEPOT == 'true'
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@5f3b3c2e5a00f0093de47f657aeaefcedff27d18 # v1.16.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@98e78adca7817480b8185f474a400b451d74e287 # v1.16.0
        with:
          project: ${{ vars.DEPOT_PROJECT_ID }}
          context: .
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ jobs:
              environment:
                DISABLE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES: "true"
                SECURITY_ENABLELOGIN: "false"
-                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-GB
+                SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE: en-US
                UI_APPNAME: "Stirling-PDF Test"
                UI_HOMEDESCRIPTION: "Test Deployment"
                UI_APPNAMENAVBAR: "Test"
@@ -3,3 +3,12 @@
 # intentionally in #6150 so engine/.env has a working default, with real
 # credentials overridden via engine/.env.local.
 engine/.env:generic-api-key:41
+
+# MCP test fixtures / harness - no real secrets:
+# - test-only API key constant in an integration test
+# - JDBC URL + throwaway Keycloak creds in the local test compose
+# - placeholder / shell-variable Bearer headers in curl-based validation scripts
+app/proprietary/src/test/java/stirling/software/proprietary/mcp/security/McpApiKeyIntegrationTest.java:generic-api-key:40
+testing/compose/docker-compose-keycloak-mcp.yml:generic-api-key:25
+testing/compose/validate-mcp-apikey.sh:curl-auth-header:73
+testing/compose/validate-mcp-test.sh:curl-auth-header:92
@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ version: '3'
 tasks:
  dev:
    desc: "Start backend dev server"
+    cmds:
+      - task: dev:proprietary
+        vars:
+          PORT: '{{.PORT}}'
+          AIENGINE_URL: '{{.AIENGINE_URL}}'
+          AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS: '{{.AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS}}'
+
+  dev:proprietary:
+    desc: "Start backend dev server in proprietary mode"
    ignore_error: true
    vars:
      PORT: '{{.PORT | default "8080"}}'
@@ -50,9 +59,14 @@ tasks:
      PORT: '{{.PORT | default "8080"}}'
      # Override to "" to run the pure `saas` profile against your own SAAS_DB_*.
      PROFILES: '{{.PROFILES | default "dev"}}'
+      AIENGINE_URL: '{{.AIENGINE_URL | default ""}}'
+      AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS: '{{.AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS | default "120"}}'
    env:
      SERVER_PORT: '{{.PORT}}'
      STIRLING_FLAVOR: saas
+      AIENGINE_URL: '{{.AIENGINE_URL}}'
+      AIENGINE_ENABLED: '{{if .AIENGINE_URL}}true{{else}}false{{end}}'
+      AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS: '{{.AIENGINE_TIMEOUTSECONDS}}'
    cmds:
      - cmd: cmd /c ".\gradlew.bat :stirling-pdf:bootRun {{if .PROFILES}}--args=\"--spring.profiles.include={{.PROFILES}}\"{{end}}"
        platforms: [windows]
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 version: '3'

 vars:
-  JLINK_MODULES: "java.base,java.compiler,java.desktop,java.instrument,java.logging,java.management,java.naming,java.net.http,java.prefs,java.rmi,java.scripting,java.security.jgss,java.security.sasl,java.sql,java.transaction.xa,java.xml,java.xml.crypto,jdk.crypto.ec,jdk.crypto.cryptoki,jdk.unsupported"
+  # jdk.dynalink is required by VeraPDF (PDF/A validation); without it the bundled JRE throws
+  # NoClassDefFoundError: jdk/dynalink/Namespace at runtime in get-info-on-pdf and verify-pdf
+  JLINK_MODULES: "java.base,java.compiler,java.desktop,java.instrument,java.logging,java.management,java.naming,java.net.http,java.prefs,java.rmi,java.scripting,java.security.jgss,java.security.sasl,java.sql,java.transaction.xa,java.xml,java.xml.crypto,jdk.crypto.ec,jdk.crypto.cryptoki,jdk.unsupported,jdk.dynalink"

  # Override via JPDFIUM_PLATFORMS env (csv of platform keys, or 'all').
  JPDFIUM_PLATFORMS:
@@ -62,21 +64,21 @@ tasks:
    deps: [prepare]
    dir: editor
    cmds:
-      - npx tauri build --bundles app
+      - npx tauri build --bundles app --config '{"bundle":{"createUpdaterArtifacts":false}}'

  build:dev:windows:
    desc: "Build Tauri desktop NSIS installer (Windows)"
    deps: [prepare]
    dir: editor
    cmds:
-      - npx tauri build --bundles nsis
+      - npx tauri build --bundles nsis --config '{"bundle":{"createUpdaterArtifacts":false}}'

  build:dev:linux:
    desc: "Build Tauri desktop AppImage (Linux)"
    deps: [prepare]
    dir: editor
    cmds:
-      - npx tauri build --bundles appimage
+      - npx tauri build --bundles appimage --config '{"bundle":{"createUpdaterArtifacts":false}}'

  test:
    desc: "Run Tauri/Cargo tests"
@@ -125,14 +127,15 @@ tasks:
    cmds:
      - rm -rf runtime/jre
      - mkdir -p runtime
-      - >-
-        jlink
-        --add-modules {{.JLINK_MODULES}}
-        --strip-debug
-        --compress=zip-6
-        --no-header-files
-        --no-man-pages
-        --output runtime/jre
+      - |
+        JLINK_COMPRESS="$(jlink --help 2>&1 | grep -q 'zip-\[0-9\]' && echo zip-6 || echo 2)"
+        jlink \
+          --add-modules {{.JLINK_MODULES}} \
+          --strip-debug \
+          --compress="$JLINK_COMPRESS" \
+          --no-header-files \
+          --no-man-pages \
+          --output runtime/jre
      # jlink emits its files mode 444 (read-only). Tauri's build-script
      # resource copier preserves source permissions when staging
      # `runtime/jre/**/*` into `target/<profile>/runtime/jre/...`, so the
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ tasks:
    cmds:
      - docker build -t stirling-pdf-ultra-lite -f {{.EMBEDDED_DIR}}/Dockerfile.ultra-lite .

+  build:backend:
+    desc: "Build backend-only Docker image (no embedded frontend)"
+    cmds:
+      - docker build -t stirling-pdf-backend -f docker/backend/Dockerfile .
+
  build:frontend:
    desc: "Build frontend-only Docker image"
    cmds:
@@ -212,3 +212,55 @@ tasks:
    desc: "Stop the SAML keycloak test environment"
    cmds:
      - docker compose -f testing/compose/docker-compose-keycloak-saml.yml down -v
+
+  mcp:up:
+    desc: "Start the MCP keycloak test environment (Stirling as OAuth resource server)"
+    summary: |
+      Brings up Keycloak (OAuth authorization server) + Stirling configured as an
+      MCP resource server, then you can exercise /mcp with real Keycloak tokens.
+      Set LICENSE_KEY=<KEY> to skip the interactive license prompt:
+        task e2e:mcp:up LICENSE_KEY=abc123
+      Pass extra flags via -- :
+        task e2e:mcp:up -- --validate --nobuild
+    ignore_error: true
+    cmds:
+      - bash testing/compose/start-mcp-test.sh {{if .LICENSE_KEY}}--license-key "{{.LICENSE_KEY}}"{{end}} {{.CLI_ARGS}}
+
+  mcp:manual:
+    desc: "Start the MCP keycloak test env in manual mode (prints URLs + a live token for your client)"
+    summary: |
+      Brings the stack up and prints copy-paste URLs/commands plus a freshly minted
+      access token so you can drive your own MCP client (Inspector, curl, ...).
+        task e2e:mcp:manual LICENSE_KEY=<your-license-key>
+      Add --nobuild if the images are already built:
+        task e2e:mcp:manual LICENSE_KEY=<your-license-key> -- --nobuild
+    ignore_error: true
+    cmds:
+      - bash testing/compose/start-mcp-test.sh --manual {{if .LICENSE_KEY}}--license-key "{{.LICENSE_KEY}}"{{end}} {{.CLI_ARGS}}
+
+  mcp:apikey:
+    desc: "Start the MCP test env in API-KEY manual mode (no OAuth/IdP): mints a key + prints client settings"
+    summary: |
+      Brings Stirling up in apikey auth mode and prints copy-paste client settings with a freshly
+      minted X-API-KEY - ideal for clients whose OAuth layer can't reach localhost.
+        task e2e:mcp:apikey LICENSE_KEY=<your-license-key>
+      Add --nobuild if images are already built:
+        task e2e:mcp:apikey LICENSE_KEY=<your-license-key> -- --nobuild
+    ignore_error: true
+    cmds:
+      - bash testing/compose/start-mcp-test.sh --apikey {{if .LICENSE_KEY}}--license-key "{{.LICENSE_KEY}}"{{end}} {{.CLI_ARGS}}
+
+  mcp:validate:
+    desc: "Validate the running MCP keycloak test environment end-to-end (oauth mode + real MCP SDK client)"
+    cmds:
+      - bash testing/compose/validate-mcp-test.sh
+
+  mcp:validate-apikey:
+    desc: "Validate the MCP server in API-KEY auth mode (mints a key + real MCP SDK client), then restore oauth"
+    cmds:
+      - bash testing/compose/validate-mcp-apikey.sh
+
+  mcp:down:
+    desc: "Stop the MCP keycloak test environment"
+    cmds:
+      - docker compose -f testing/compose/docker-compose-keycloak-mcp.yml down -v
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ tasks:
    env:
      PYTHONUNBUFFERED: "1"
    cmds:
-      - uv run uvicorn stirling.api.app:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port {{.PORT}}
+      - uv run uvicorn stirling.api.app:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port {{.PORT}} --workers "${STIRLING_ENGINE_WORKERS:-4}"

  dev:
    desc: "Start engine dev server with hot reload"
@@ -327,19 +327,19 @@ tasks:

  test:
    desc: "Run tests"
-    deps: [install]
+    deps: [prepare]
    cmds:
      - npx vitest run --root editor

  test:watch:
    desc: "Run tests in watch mode"
-    deps: [install]
+    deps: [prepare]
    cmds:
      - npx vitest --watch --root editor

  test:coverage:
    desc: "Run tests with coverage (one-shot; CI-friendly)."
-    deps: [install]
+    deps: [prepare]
    cmds:
      # `vitest run` makes this CI-safe (the bare `vitest` form enters watch
      # mode). Explicit reporter list because v8 + json-summary is what the
@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ const [ToolName] = (props: BaseToolProps) => {
 ```

 ## 5. Add Translations
-Update translation files. **Important: Only update `en-GB` files** - other languages are handled separately.
+Update translation files. **Important: Only update `en-US` files** - other languages are handled separately.

-**File to update:** `frontend/editor/public/locales/en-GB/translation.toml`
+**File to update:** `frontend/editor/public/locales/en-US/translation.toml`

 **Required Translation Keys**:
 ```toml
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ Update translation files. **Important: Only update `en-GB` files** - other langu
 ```

 **Translation Notes:**
- **Only update `en-GB/translation.toml`** - other locale files are managed separately
+- **Only update `en-US/translation.toml`** - other locale files are managed separately
 - Use descriptive keys that match your component's `t()` calls
 - Include tooltip translations if you created tooltip hooks
 - Add `options.*` keys if your tool has settings with descriptions
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ The frontend is organized with a clear separation of concerns:

 ## Translation Rules

- **CRITICAL**: Always update translations in `en-GB` only, never `en-US`
+- **CRITICAL**: Always update translations in `en-US` only - all other languages (including `en-GB`) are handled separately
 - Translation files are located in `frontend/editor/public/locales/`

 ## Important Notes
@@ -52,6 +52,17 @@ This guide focuses on developing for Stirling 2.0, including both the React fron
 - Rust and Cargo (required for Tauri desktop app development)
 - Tauri CLI (install with `cargo install tauri-cli`)

+### Optional System Dependencies
+
+These are not required to run the app but enable specific features. The app detects them at startup and disables the relevant features if they are missing.
+
+| Dependency | Feature | Install |
+|---|---|---|
+| LibreOffice | File-to-PDF conversions | `brew install libreoffice` / `apt install libreoffice` |
+| Tesseract | OCR | `brew install tesseract` / `apt install tesseract-ocr` |
+| WeasyPrint | AI document creation | `brew install weasyprint` / `apt install weasyprint` |
+| qpdf | PDF optimisation | `brew install qpdf` / `apt install qpdf` |
+
 ### Setup Steps

 1. Clone the repository:
@@ -576,7 +587,7 @@ When adding a new feature or modifying existing ones in Stirling-PDF, you'll nee
 Find the existing `messages.properties` files in the `stirling-pdf/src/main/resources` directory. You'll see files like:

 - `messages.properties` (default, usually English)
- `messages_en_GB.properties`
+- `messages_en_US.properties`
 - `messages_fr_FR.properties`
 - `messages_de_DE.properties`
 - etc.
@@ -60,24 +60,20 @@ tasks:

  dev:saas:
    desc: "Start SaaS backend + frontend concurrently on free ports"
-    vars:
-      PORTS:
-        sh: '{{if eq OS "windows"}}{{.FIND_FREE_PORT_PS}} 8080 5173{{else}}{{.FIND_FREE_PORT_SH}} 8080 5173{{end}}'
-      BACKEND_PORT: '{{index (splitList "\n" .PORTS) 0}}'
-      FRONTEND_PORT: '{{index (splitList "\n" .PORTS) 1}}'
-    deps:
-      - task: backend:dev:saas
-        vars:
-          PORT: '{{.BACKEND_PORT}}'
-      - task: frontend:dev:saas
-        vars:
-          PORT: '{{.FRONTEND_PORT}}'
-          BACKEND_URL: 'http://localhost:{{.BACKEND_PORT}}'
-          OPEN: "true"
+    cmds:
+      - task: dev:_all
+        vars: { FRONTEND: saas, BACKEND: saas }

  dev:all:
    desc: "Start backend + frontend + engine concurrently on free ports"
+    cmds:
+      - task: dev:_all
+
+  dev:_all:
+    internal: true
    vars:
+      FRONTEND: '{{.FRONTEND | default "proprietary"}}'
+      BACKEND: '{{.BACKEND | default "proprietary"}}'
      PORTS:
        sh: '{{if eq OS "windows"}}{{.FIND_FREE_PORT_PS}} 8080 5173 5001{{else}}{{.FIND_FREE_PORT_SH}} 8080 5173 5001{{end}}'
      BACKEND_PORT: '{{index (splitList "\n" .PORTS) 0}}'
@@ -87,11 +83,11 @@ tasks:
      - task: engine:dev
        vars:
          PORT: '{{.ENGINE_PORT}}'
-      - task: backend:dev
+      - task: 'backend:dev:{{.BACKEND}}'
        vars:
          PORT: '{{.BACKEND_PORT}}'
          AIENGINE_URL: 'http://localhost:{{.ENGINE_PORT}}'
-      - task: frontend:dev
+      - task: 'frontend:dev:{{.FRONTEND}}'
        vars:
          PORT: '{{.FRONTEND_PORT}}'
          BACKEND_URL: 'http://localhost:{{.BACKEND_PORT}}'
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
-import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
-import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
-import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
-/**
- * Chains table parsers in priority order: Tabula lattice → Tabula stream → {@link
- * LineAlignmentTableParser}. The first parser returning a result above {@link
- * #TABULA_CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD} wins; results from different parsers are never mixed on one page.
- */
-@Service
-@Primary
-@RequiredArgsConstructor
-@Slf4j
-public class CompositeTableParser implements TableParser {
-
-    /** Min Tabula confidence to accept results; below this LineAlignment is tried instead. */
-    static final float TABULA_CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD = 0.5f;
-
-    private final TabulaTableParser tabulaParser;
-    private final LineAlignmentTableParser lineAlignmentParser;
-
-    @Override
-    public List<TableFragment> parse(PDDocument document, RawPage rawPage) throws IOException {
-        // Step 1: Tabula lattice mode (ruled/bordered tables).
-        List<TableFragment> latticeResults = filterConfident(tabulaParser.parse(document, rawPage));
-        if (!latticeResults.isEmpty()) {
-            log.debug(
-                    "Page {}: using Tabula lattice ({} table(s))",
-                    rawPage.pageNumber(),
-                    latticeResults.size());
-            return latticeResults;
-        }
-
-        // Step 2: Tabula stream mode (borderless/whitespace-delimited tables).
-        // parseStream is not on the TableParser interface — this intentionally couples to the
-        // concrete TabulaTableParser since stream mode is a Tabula-specific concept.
-        List<TableFragment> streamResults =
-                filterConfident(tabulaParser.parseStream(document, rawPage));
-        if (!streamResults.isEmpty()) {
-            log.debug(
-                    "Page {}: using Tabula stream ({} table(s))",
-                    rawPage.pageNumber(),
-                    streamResults.size());
-            return streamResults;
-        }
-
-        // Step 3: Geometry-based line-alignment fallback.
-        List<TableFragment> lineResults = lineAlignmentParser.parse(document, rawPage);
-        if (!lineResults.isEmpty()) {
-            log.debug(
-                    "Page {}: using LineAlignment ({} table(s))",
-                    rawPage.pageNumber(),
-                    lineResults.size());
-            return lineResults;
-        }
-
-        return List.of();
-    }
-
-    private List<TableFragment> filterConfident(List<TableFragment> tables) {
-        return tables.stream().filter(t -> t.confidence() >= TABULA_CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD).toList();
-    }
-}
@@ -1,528 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.TreeMap;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
-import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
-/**
- * Fallback {@link TableParser} for borderless financial tables using text geometry.
- *
- * <p>Identifies "anchor lines" (≥2 numeric tokens), builds a column grid from their right-edge
- * positions, groups vertically proximate anchor lines into table candidates, then scores each group
- * on column consistency and anchor density (confidence ceiling 0.85).
- */
-@Service
-@Slf4j
-public class LineAlignmentTableParser implements TableParser {
-
-    /** Width in points of each column position bucket. */
-    static final float COLUMN_BUCKET_PT = 5f;
-
-    /** Tolerance in buckets when matching a token's right-edge to a confirmed column position. */
-    private static final int COLUMN_MATCH_BUCKETS = 2;
-
-    /** Maximum gap (as a multiple of modal line spacing) before splitting a group. */
-    private static final float MAX_GAP_FACTOR = 2.5f;
-
-    /** Minimum anchor rows (numeric-heavy) to form a valid table. */
-    static final int MIN_TABLE_ROWS = 3;
-
-    /** Minimum confirmed column positions to form a valid table. */
-    static final int MIN_COLUMNS = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * Min fraction of anchor lines a column must appear on to be confirmed (permissive for N/A
-     * rows).
-     */
-    private static final double COLUMN_MIN_FREQUENCY = 0.40;
-
-    /**
-     * Matches financial numeric tokens: integers, decimals, parenthetical negatives, currency,
-     * percent, nil dashes.
-     */
-    private static final Pattern NUMERIC =
-            Pattern.compile("^[\\(\\-\\$£€¥]?\\d[\\d,\\.]*[\\)%]?$|^[-–—]$");
-
-    /**
-     * Lines within this y-distance are merged into one row (restores rows split by LineBuilder's
-     * column-gap logic).
-     */
-    static final float ROW_MERGE_TOLERANCE_PT = 2f;
-
-    // ── public API ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    @Override
-    public List<TableFragment> parse(PDDocument document, RawPage rawPage) throws IOException {
-        List<RawLine> lines = rawPage.lines();
-        if (lines.size() < MIN_TABLE_ROWS) return List.of();
-
-        float modalSpacing = computeModalSpacing(lines);
-        List<TokenizedLine> tokenized =
-                mergeCoincidentLines(lines.stream().map(this::tokenize).toList());
-
-        List<TokenizedLine> anchors = tokenized.stream().filter(TokenizedLine::isAnchor).toList();
-
-        if (anchors.size() < MIN_TABLE_ROWS) return List.of();
-
-        List<Float> columnGrid = buildColumnGrid(anchors);
-        if (columnGrid.size() < MIN_COLUMNS) {
-            log.debug(
-                    "Page {}: LineAlignment — fewer than {} confirmed columns, skipping",
-                    rawPage.pageNumber(),
-                    MIN_COLUMNS);
-            return List.of();
-        }
-
-        List<List<TokenizedLine>> groups = groupRows(tokenized, columnGrid, modalSpacing);
-
-        List<TableFragment> results = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < groups.size(); i++) {
-            buildFragment(groups.get(i), columnGrid, rawPage.pageNumber(), i)
-                    .ifPresent(results::add);
-        }
-
-        log.debug(
-                "Page {}: LineAlignment detected {} table(s) ({} anchor lines, {} columns)",
-                rawPage.pageNumber(),
-                results.size(),
-                anchors.size(),
-                columnGrid.size());
-        return results;
-    }
-
-    // ── coincident-line merging ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Merges tokenised lines sharing the same y-position into one row, rejoining label/value halves
-     * split by LineBuilder.
-     */
-    List<TokenizedLine> mergeCoincidentLines(List<TokenizedLine> tokenized) {
-        if (tokenized.size() < 2) return tokenized;
-
-        List<TokenizedLine> result = new ArrayList<>();
-        int i = 0;
-
-        while (i < tokenized.size()) {
-            float baseY = tokenized.get(i).line().bounds().y();
-            int j = i + 1;
-            while (j < tokenized.size()
-                    && Math.abs(tokenized.get(j).line().bounds().y() - baseY)
-                            <= ROW_MERGE_TOLERANCE_PT) {
-                j++;
-            }
-
-            if (j == i + 1) {
-                result.add(tokenized.get(i));
-            } else {
-                result.add(mergeGroup(tokenized.subList(i, j)));
-            }
-            i = j;
-        }
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    private TokenizedLine mergeGroup(List<TokenizedLine> group) {
-        List<TextFragment> mergedFragments =
-                group.stream()
-                        .flatMap(tl -> tl.line().fragments().stream())
-                        .sorted(Comparator.comparingDouble(f -> f.bounds().x()))
-                        .toList();
-
-        Bounds mergedBounds =
-                group.stream()
-                        .map(tl -> tl.line().bounds())
-                        .reduce(Bounds::merge)
-                        .orElse(group.get(0).line().bounds());
-
-        RawLine mergedLine =
-                new RawLine(
-                        group.get(0).line().lineId(),
-                        mergedFragments,
-                        mergedBounds,
-                        group.get(0).line().pageNumber());
-
-        return tokenize(mergedLine);
-    }
-
-    // ── tokenisation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Splits fragments into word-level tokens; x-positions are estimated linearly within each
-     * fragment.
-     */
-    TokenizedLine tokenize(RawLine line) {
-        List<LineToken> tokens = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (TextFragment frag : line.fragments()) {
-            tokens.addAll(tokensFromFragment(frag));
-        }
-        List<LineToken> numeric = tokens.stream().filter(LineToken::numeric).toList();
-        return new TokenizedLine(line, tokens, numeric);
-    }
-
-    private List<LineToken> tokensFromFragment(TextFragment frag) {
-        String raw = frag.text();
-        if (raw == null || raw.isBlank()) return List.of();
-
-        float fragX = frag.bounds().x();
-        float fragWidth = frag.bounds().width();
-        int rawLen = raw.length();
-
-        List<LineToken> result = new ArrayList<>();
-        int offset = 0;
-        for (String part : raw.split("\\s+")) {
-            if (part.isEmpty()) {
-                offset++;
-                continue;
-            }
-            int idx = raw.indexOf(part, offset);
-            if (idx < 0) idx = offset;
-
-            float tokenX = rawLen > 0 ? fragX + ((float) idx / rawLen) * fragWidth : fragX;
-            float tokenRight =
-                    rawLen > 0
-                            ? fragX + ((float) (idx + part.length()) / rawLen) * fragWidth
-                            : fragX + fragWidth;
-
-            result.add(new LineToken(part, tokenX, tokenRight, NUMERIC.matcher(part).matches()));
-            offset = idx + part.length();
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    // ── column grid ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Returns confirmed column right-edge positions — those appearing on ≥ {@value
-     * #COLUMN_MIN_FREQUENCY} × N anchor lines.
-     */
-    private List<Float> buildColumnGrid(List<TokenizedLine> anchors) {
-        // bucket → set of line indices that contributed a numeric token to that bucket
-        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> bucketLines = new HashMap<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < anchors.size(); i++) {
-            for (LineToken t : anchors.get(i).numeric()) {
-                int bucket = bucket(t.right());
-                bucketLines.computeIfAbsent(bucket, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(i);
-            }
-        }
-
-        int minHits =
-                Math.max(MIN_TABLE_ROWS, (int) Math.ceil(anchors.size() * COLUMN_MIN_FREQUENCY));
-
-        // Confirmed buckets → average right-edge for that bucket
-        TreeMap<Integer, Float> confirmed = new TreeMap<>();
-        for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<Integer>> entry : bucketLines.entrySet()) {
-            // Count distinct lines
-            long distinctLines = entry.getValue().stream().distinct().count();
-            if (distinctLines >= minHits) {
-                double avg =
-                        entry.getValue().stream()
-                                .distinct() // weight each line equally regardless of token count
-                                .mapToDouble(
-                                        lineIdx ->
-                                                avgRightEdgeForBucket(
-                                                        anchors, lineIdx, entry.getKey()))
-                                .average()
-                                .orElse(entry.getKey() * (double) COLUMN_BUCKET_PT);
-                confirmed.put(entry.getKey(), (float) avg);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return new ArrayList<>(confirmed.values()); // already sorted by bucket (left to right)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the average right-edge position of tokens in {@code line} whose bucket matches {@code
-     * targetBucket}, falling back to the bucket's nominal centre when no tokens match.
-     */
-    private double avgRightEdgeForBucket(
-            List<TokenizedLine> anchors, int lineIdx, int targetBucket) {
-        return anchors.get(lineIdx).numeric().stream()
-                .filter(t -> bucket(t.right()) == targetBucket)
-                .mapToDouble(LineToken::right)
-                .average()
-                .orElse(targetBucket * (double) COLUMN_BUCKET_PT);
-    }
-
-    // ── grouping ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Groups anchor lines into table candidates, including adjacent label rows; a gap &gt;
-     * MAX_GAP_FACTOR × modal spacing splits groups.
-     */
-    private List<List<TokenizedLine>> groupRows(
-            List<TokenizedLine> all, List<Float> columnGrid, float modalSpacing) {
-        float maxGap = modalSpacing > 0 ? modalSpacing * MAX_GAP_FACTOR : 30f;
-
-        List<List<TokenizedLine>> groups = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<TokenizedLine> current = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < all.size(); i++) {
-            TokenizedLine tl = all.get(i);
-            boolean fits = tl.isAnchor() && matchesGrid(tl, columnGrid);
-
-            if (current.isEmpty()) {
-                if (fits) current.add(tl);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            float gap =
-                    tl.line().bounds().y()
-                            - current.get(current.size() - 1).line().bounds().bottom();
-
-            if (gap > maxGap) {
-                groups.add(current);
-                current = new ArrayList<>();
-                if (fits) current.add(tl);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (fits) {
-                current.add(tl);
-            } else if (!tl.line().text().isBlank()) {
-                // Include non-anchor lines (labels) only if they have text and are within
-                // proximity.
-                current.add(tl);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!current.isEmpty()) groups.add(current);
-
-        return groups.stream().filter(g -> hasEnoughAnchorRows(g, columnGrid)).toList();
-    }
-
-    private boolean hasEnoughAnchorRows(List<TokenizedLine> group, List<Float> columnGrid) {
-        return group.stream().filter(r -> r.isAnchor() && matchesGrid(r, columnGrid)).count()
-                >= MIN_TABLE_ROWS;
-    }
-
-    /** A line "matches" the grid when ≥ 60 % of its numeric tokens land in confirmed columns. */
-    private boolean matchesGrid(TokenizedLine tl, List<Float> columnGrid) {
-        if (tl.numeric().isEmpty()) return false;
-        long matches =
-                tl.numeric().stream()
-                        .filter(t -> nearestColumnIndex(t.right(), columnGrid) >= 0)
-                        .count();
-        return (double) matches / tl.numeric().size() >= 0.60;
-    }
-
-    private boolean hasInconsistentColumnMatch(TokenizedLine tl, List<Float> columnGrid) {
-        if (tl.numeric().isEmpty()) return false;
-        long hits =
-                tl.numeric().stream()
-                        .filter(t -> nearestColumnIndex(t.right(), columnGrid) >= 0)
-                        .count();
-        return (double) hits / tl.numeric().size() < 0.60;
-    }
-
-    // ── fragment assembly ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    private Optional<TableFragment> buildFragment(
-            List<TokenizedLine> group, List<Float> columnGrid, int pageNumber, int tableIndex) {
-
-        long anchorCount =
-                group.stream().filter(r -> r.isAnchor() && matchesGrid(r, columnGrid)).count();
-        if (anchorCount < MIN_TABLE_ROWS) return Optional.empty();
-
-        List<String> warnings = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<List<String>> rawRows = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<TableRow> rows = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        for (int rowIdx = 0; rowIdx < group.size(); rowIdx++) {
-            TokenizedLine tl = group.get(rowIdx);
-            List<String> rawRow = buildRawRow(tl, columnGrid);
-            rawRows.add(Collections.unmodifiableList(rawRow));
-            rows.add(buildTableRow(rowIdx, tl, rawRow, columnGrid));
-        }
-
-        // Column count = 1 label column + confirmed numeric columns
-        int colCount = columnGrid.size() + 1;
-        Bounds bounds = computeGroupBounds(group);
-        float confidence = computeConfidence(group, columnGrid, warnings);
-
-        return Optional.of(
-                new TableFragment(
-                        "tbl-la-p" + pageNumber + "-" + tableIndex,
-                        pageNumber,
-                        bounds,
-                        List.of(),
-                        Collections.unmodifiableList(rows),
-                        Collections.unmodifiableList(rawRows),
-                        colCount,
-                        confidence,
-                        Collections.unmodifiableList(warnings),
-                        null));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a raw row as a list of strings: index 0 = label text, indices 1..N = column values.
-     */
-    private List<String> buildRawRow(TokenizedLine tl, List<Float> columnGrid) {
-        String[] cells = new String[columnGrid.size() + 1];
-        Arrays.fill(cells, "");
-
-        // Separate label tokens (those not landing in any confirmed column) from column tokens.
-        List<String> labelParts = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (LineToken token : tl.all()) {
-            int col = nearestColumnIndex(token.right(), columnGrid);
-            if (col >= 0 && token.numeric()) {
-                int cellIdx = col + 1;
-                cells[cellIdx] =
-                        cells[cellIdx].isEmpty()
-                                ? token.text()
-                                : cells[cellIdx] + " " + token.text();
-            } else {
-                labelParts.add(token.text());
-            }
-        }
-        cells[0] = String.join(" ", labelParts).trim();
-        return Arrays.asList(cells);
-    }
-
-    private TableRow buildTableRow(
-            int rowIdx, TokenizedLine tl, List<String> rawRow, List<Float> columnGrid) {
-        List<TableCell> cells = new ArrayList<>(rawRow.size());
-
-        // Label cell: use the line's full bounds as an approximation.
-        cells.add(TableCell.of(0, rawRow.get(0), tl.line().bounds()));
-
-        for (int col = 0; col < columnGrid.size(); col++) {
-            String text = col + 1 < rawRow.size() ? rawRow.get(col + 1) : "";
-            float right = columnGrid.get(col);
-            float left = col > 0 ? columnGrid.get(col - 1) : right - 50f;
-            Bounds cellBounds =
-                    new Bounds(
-                            left,
-                            tl.line().bounds().y(),
-                            right - left,
-                            tl.line().bounds().height());
-            cells.add(TableCell.of(col + 1, text, cellBounds));
-        }
-        return new TableRow(rowIdx, Collections.unmodifiableList(cells));
-    }
-
-    // ── confidence scoring ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Heuristic score in [0.0, 0.85] (ceiling keeps results below Tabula lattice which starts at
-     * 1.0). Base 0.70; +0.05/col beyond 2 (max +0.10); +0.05 at ≥5 anchors, +0.05 at ≥8; −0.15 if
-     * &gt;30 % of anchors have inconsistent columns; −0.10 if non-anchors outnumber anchors.
-     */
-    private float computeConfidence(
-            List<TokenizedLine> group, List<Float> columnGrid, List<String> warnings) {
-        float score = 0.70f;
-
-        long anchorCount =
-                group.stream().filter(r -> r.isAnchor() && matchesGrid(r, columnGrid)).count();
-        long totalRows = group.size();
-
-        // More columns
-        int extraCols = Math.min(columnGrid.size() - MIN_COLUMNS, 2);
-        score += extraCols * 0.05f;
-
-        // More anchor rows
-        if (anchorCount >= 5) score += 0.05f;
-        if (anchorCount >= 8) score += 0.05f;
-
-        // Inconsistent column matching
-        long inconsistent =
-                group.stream()
-                        .filter(TokenizedLine::isAnchor)
-                        .filter(tl -> hasInconsistentColumnMatch(tl, columnGrid))
-                        .count();
-        if (inconsistent > anchorCount * 0.30) {
-            score -= 0.15f;
-            warnings.add(
-                    "Column match inconsistent on "
-                            + inconsistent
-                            + "/"
-                            + anchorCount
-                            + " anchor rows");
-        }
-
-        // Label-heavy
-        long nonAnchor = totalRows - anchorCount;
-        if (nonAnchor > anchorCount) {
-            score -= 0.10f;
-            warnings.add(
-                    "Non-anchor rows ("
-                            + nonAnchor
-                            + ") outnumber anchor rows ("
-                            + anchorCount
-                            + ")");
-        }
-
-        return Math.max(0f, Math.min(0.85f, score));
-    }
-
-    // ── utility ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the grid index nearest to {@code rightEdge}, or -1 if none is within {@value
-     * #COLUMN_MATCH_BUCKETS} buckets.
-     */
-    private int nearestColumnIndex(float rightEdge, List<Float> grid) {
-        int nearest = -1;
-        float minDist = COLUMN_MATCH_BUCKETS * COLUMN_BUCKET_PT + 1f;
-        for (int i = 0; i < grid.size(); i++) {
-            float dist = Math.abs(rightEdge - grid.get(i));
-            if (dist < minDist) {
-                minDist = dist;
-                nearest = i;
-            }
-        }
-        return nearest;
-    }
-
-    private Bounds computeGroupBounds(List<TokenizedLine> group) {
-        return group.stream()
-                .map(tl -> tl.line().bounds())
-                .reduce(Bounds::merge)
-                .orElse(new Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0));
-    }
-
-    /** Modal gap between consecutive line edges, used to calibrate the group-split threshold. */
-    private float computeModalSpacing(List<RawLine> lines) {
-        if (lines.size() < 2) return 0f;
-        Map<Float, Long> freq = new HashMap<>();
-        for (int i = 1; i < lines.size(); i++) {
-            float gap = lines.get(i).bounds().y() - lines.get(i - 1).bounds().bottom();
-            if (gap > 0) freq.merge(Math.round(gap / 2f) * 2f, 1L, Long::sum);
-        }
-        return freq.entrySet().stream()
-                .max(Map.Entry.comparingByValue())
-                .map(Map.Entry::getKey)
-                .orElse(0f);
-    }
-
-    private static int bucket(float x) {
-        return Math.round(x / COLUMN_BUCKET_PT);
-    }
-
-    // ── private data types ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /** A word-level token with an approximate right-edge x-position. */
-    record LineToken(String text, float x, float right, boolean numeric) {}
-
-    /** A {@link RawLine} with tokens pre-computed; an "anchor" has ≥ 2 numeric tokens. */
-    record TokenizedLine(RawLine line, List<LineToken> all, List<LineToken> numeric) {
-        boolean isAnchor() {
-            return numeric.size() >= 2;
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
-import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
-/**
- * Groups {@link TextFragment} objects into visual {@link RawLine}s using baseline proximity.
- *
- * <p>Fragments are on the same line when their baselines are within a font-size-derived tolerance.
- * A new line starts whenever the horizontal gap exceeds an adaptive column-gap threshold ({@code
- * max(effectiveWidth * COLUMN_GAP_RATIO, COLUMN_GAP_MIN_PT)}), splitting two-column text.
- */
-@Service
-@Slf4j
-public class LineBuilder {
-
-    /** Baseline tolerance as a fraction of font size; 0.5 keeps mixed-size text on one line. */
-    private static final float BASELINE_TOLERANCE_FACTOR = 0.5f;
-
-    /** Absolute minimum tolerance so tiny font sizes don't collapse multi-line content. */
-    private static final float MIN_BASELINE_TOLERANCE = 2f;
-
-    /**
-     * Column-gap threshold as a fraction of page width; 0.10 clears tab stops but stays below
-     * two-column gutters.
-     */
-    static final float COLUMN_GAP_RATIO = 0.10f;
-
-    /** Floor for the column-gap threshold so narrow pages don't over-split lines. */
-    static final float COLUMN_GAP_MIN_PT = 40f;
-
-    public List<RawLine> build(List<TextFragment> fragments, int pageNumber) {
-        if (fragments.isEmpty()) return List.of();
-
-        float effectiveWidth = inferEffectiveWidth(fragments);
-        float columnGapThreshold = Math.max(effectiveWidth * COLUMN_GAP_RATIO, COLUMN_GAP_MIN_PT);
-        log.debug(
-                "LineBuilder page {}: effectiveWidth={:.1f}pt, columnGapThreshold={:.1f}pt",
-                pageNumber,
-                effectiveWidth,
-                columnGapThreshold);
-
-        // Sort top-to-bottom first, then left-to-right within the same baseline band.
-        List<TextFragment> sorted =
-                fragments.stream()
-                        .sorted(
-                                Comparator.comparingDouble(TextFragment::baseline)
-                                        .thenComparingDouble(f -> f.bounds().x()))
-                        .toList();
-
-        List<List<TextFragment>> groups = groupByBaseline(sorted, columnGapThreshold);
-
-        List<RawLine> lines = new ArrayList<>(groups.size());
-        for (int i = 0; i < groups.size(); i++) {
-            List<TextFragment> group =
-                    groups.get(i).stream()
-                            .sorted(Comparator.comparingDouble(f -> f.bounds().x()))
-                            .toList();
-
-            Bounds lineBounds =
-                    group.stream()
-                            .map(TextFragment::bounds)
-                            .reduce(Bounds::merge)
-                            .orElse(new Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0));
-
-            lines.add(new RawLine("ln-p" + pageNumber + "-" + i, group, lineBounds, pageNumber));
-        }
-        return lines;
-    }
-
-    private List<List<TextFragment>> groupByBaseline(
-            List<TextFragment> sorted, float columnGapThreshold) {
-        List<List<TextFragment>> groups = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<TextFragment> current = new ArrayList<>();
-        float currentBaseline = Float.NaN;
-
-        for (TextFragment fragment : sorted) {
-            if (current.isEmpty()) {
-                current.add(fragment);
-                currentBaseline = fragment.baseline();
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            float maxFontSize =
-                    Math.max(
-                            fragment.fontSize(),
-                            (float)
-                                    current.stream()
-                                            .mapToDouble(TextFragment::fontSize)
-                                            .max()
-                                            .orElse(0));
-            float tolerance =
-                    Math.max(maxFontSize * BASELINE_TOLERANCE_FACTOR, MIN_BASELINE_TOLERANCE);
-
-            boolean sameBaseline = Math.abs(fragment.baseline() - currentBaseline) <= tolerance;
-            boolean columnGap = sameBaseline && hasColumnGap(fragment, current, columnGapThreshold);
-
-            if (sameBaseline && !columnGap) {
-                current.add(fragment);
-                // Anchor to the weighted mean baseline so long lines stay stable.
-                currentBaseline =
-                        (currentBaseline * (current.size() - 1) + fragment.baseline())
-                                / current.size();
-            } else {
-                groups.add(current);
-                current = new ArrayList<>();
-                current.add(fragment);
-                currentBaseline = fragment.baseline();
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!current.isEmpty()) groups.add(current);
-        return groups;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * True when the gap from the rightmost fragment in {@code group} to {@code next} exceeds {@code
-     * threshold}.
-     */
-    private static boolean hasColumnGap(
-            TextFragment next, List<TextFragment> group, float threshold) {
-        float lastRight = group.get(group.size() - 1).bounds().right();
-        return next.bounds().x() - lastRight > threshold;
-    }
-
-    /** Infers effective page width from the rightmost fragment right-edge plus a 10 % margin. */
-    private static float inferEffectiveWidth(List<TextFragment> fragments) {
-        double maxRight =
-                fragments.stream().mapToDouble(f -> f.bounds().right()).max().orElse(500.0);
-        return (float) maxRight * 1.10f;
-    }
-}
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
-import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
-import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
-/**
- * Runs the per-page ingestion pipeline: {@link WordExtractingStripper} → {@link LineBuilder} →
- * {@link TableParser}, producing a {@link PdfModels.ParsedPage} per page. The caller owns the
- * {@link PDDocument} lifecycle.
- */
-@Service
-@RequiredArgsConstructor
-@Slf4j
-public class PdfIngester {
-
-    private final LineBuilder lineBuilder;
-    private final TableParser tableParser;
-
-    public List<ParsedPage> parse(PDDocument document) throws IOException {
-        return parse(document, document.getNumberOfPages());
-    }
-
-    public List<ParsedPage> parse(PDDocument document, int maxPages) throws IOException {
-        int pageCount = Math.min(document.getNumberOfPages(), maxPages);
-        List<ParsedPage> pages = new ArrayList<>(pageCount);
-        long fragmentsMs = 0;
-        long tablesMs = 0;
-        long t0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
-        for (int p = 1; p <= pageCount; p++) {
-            long ft = System.currentTimeMillis();
-            List<TextFragment> fragments = extractFragments(document, p);
-            fragmentsMs += System.currentTimeMillis() - ft;
-
-            PDPage page = document.getPage(p - 1);
-            PDRectangle mediaBox = page.getMediaBox();
-            List<RawLine> lines = lineBuilder.build(fragments, p);
-            RawPage rawPage = new RawPage(p, mediaBox.getWidth(), mediaBox.getHeight(), lines);
-
-            long tt = System.currentTimeMillis();
-            List<TableFragment> tables = tableParser.parse(document, rawPage);
-            tablesMs += System.currentTimeMillis() - tt;
-
-            log.debug(
-                    "Page {}: {} fragments → {} lines, {} table(s)",
-                    p,
-                    fragments.size(),
-                    lines.size(),
-                    tables.size());
-            pages.add(new ParsedPage(p, mediaBox.getWidth(), mediaBox.getHeight(), tables, lines));
-        }
-
-        log.info(
-                "[timing] parse pages={} total={}ms fragments={}ms tables={}ms",
-                pageCount,
-                System.currentTimeMillis() - t0,
-                fragmentsMs,
-                tablesMs);
-        return pages;
-    }
-
-    private List<TextFragment> extractFragments(PDDocument document, int pageNumber)
-            throws IOException {
-        WordExtractingStripper stripper = new WordExtractingStripper(pageNumber);
-        stripper.getText(document);
-        return stripper.getFragments();
-    }
-}
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.text.PDFTextStripper;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.text.TextPosition;
-
-/**
- * Extends {@link PDFTextStripper} to capture per-fragment geometry and font metadata.
- *
- * <p>Overrides {@link #writeString} to split each content-stream string into word-level {@link
- * TextFragment}s with bounding boxes, baseline, font name, and bold flag. Coordinates are in
- * PDFTextStripper space: (0,0) top-left, Y increases downward, {@code getY()} is the baseline.
- */
-class WordExtractingStripper extends PDFTextStripper {
-
-    private final int targetPage;
-    private final List<TextFragment> fragments = new ArrayList<>();
-    private int fragmentIndex = 0;
-
-    WordExtractingStripper(int pageNumber) throws IOException {
-        this.targetPage = pageNumber;
-        setStartPage(pageNumber);
-        setEndPage(pageNumber);
-        setSortByPosition(true);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void startPage(PDPage page) throws IOException {
-        super.startPage(page);
-        fragments.clear();
-        fragmentIndex = 0;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void writeString(String text, List<TextPosition> textPositions) throws IOException {
-        if (text == null || text.isBlank()) return;
-
-        // Fast path: no whitespace → emit one fragment (most financial PDFs have each
-        // number as its own string operation, so this is the common case).
-        if (text.indexOf(' ') < 0) {
-            emitFragment(text, textPositions);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Per-word splitting requires 1:1 text-char to TextPosition correspondence.
-        // Fall back to one fragment when sizes differ (ligatures, encoding edge cases).
-        if (textPositions.size() != text.length()) {
-            emitFragment(text, textPositions);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Emit one TextFragment per whitespace-delimited word with accurate per-word bounds.
-        int start = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i <= text.length(); i++) {
-            if (i == text.length() || text.charAt(i) == ' ') {
-                if (start < i) {
-                    emitFragment(text.substring(start, i), textPositions.subList(start, i));
-                }
-                start = i + 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void emitFragment(String text, List<TextPosition> positions) {
-        if (positions.isEmpty()) return;
-
-        float minX = Float.MAX_VALUE;
-        float minY = Float.MAX_VALUE;
-        float maxRight = -Float.MAX_VALUE;
-        float maxBaseline = -Float.MAX_VALUE;
-        TextPosition first = null;
-
-        for (TextPosition tp : positions) {
-            if (tp == null) continue;
-            if (first == null) first = tp;
-
-            float x = tp.getX();
-            // getY() is the baseline; top of character = getY() - getHeight().
-            float top = tp.getY() - tp.getHeight();
-            float right = x + tp.getWidth();
-            float baseline = tp.getY();
-
-            minX = Math.min(minX, x);
-            minY = Math.min(minY, top);
-            maxRight = Math.max(maxRight, right);
-            maxBaseline = Math.max(maxBaseline, baseline);
-        }
-
-        if (first == null) return;
-
-        PDFont font = first.getFont();
-        String fontName = font != null ? font.getName() : "";
-        boolean bold = fontName != null && fontName.toLowerCase().contains("bold");
-        // getHeight() gives the rendered glyph height, which is the most reliable visual size.
-        float fontSize = first.getHeight();
-
-        Bounds bounds = new Bounds(minX, minY, maxRight - minX, maxBaseline - minY);
-        String id = "tf-p" + targetPage + "-" + fragmentIndex++;
-        fragments.add(new TextFragment(id, text, bounds, maxBaseline, fontSize, fontName, bold));
-    }
-
-    List<TextFragment> getFragments() {
-        return Collections.unmodifiableList(fragments);
-    }
-}
@@ -11,23 +11,39 @@ public interface FileStore {
    /** Stored file record. */
    record Stored(String fileId, long size) {}

-    /** Store the given stream and return a generated file id and total bytes written. */
-    Stored store(InputStream in, String originalName) throws IOException;
+    /**
+     * Store the given stream and return a generated file id and total bytes written. {@code owner}
+     * may be null to indicate the file has no associated user (anonymous / desktop / async job with
+     * no propagated security context); a non-null value is persisted alongside the data so {@link
+     * #getOwner(String)} can return it later for authorization checks.
+     */
+    Stored store(InputStream in, String originalName, String owner) throws IOException;
+
+    /** Store with no owner. Equivalent to {@link #store(InputStream, String, String)} with null. */
+    default Stored store(InputStream in, String originalName) throws IOException {
+        return store(in, originalName, null);
+    }

    /**
     * Store the file at {@code source} and return a generated file id and total bytes written.
     *
     * <p>Default implementation opens {@code source} as a stream and delegates to {@link
-     * #store(InputStream, String)}. Local-disk implementations should override to use a direct
-     * file-to-file copy ({@code Files.copy(source, dest)} can use {@code sendfile(2)} on Linux),
-     * which avoids the two-memory-copy hit of streaming a disk-backed upload through the JVM heap.
+     * #store(InputStream, String, String)}. Local-disk implementations should override to use a
+     * direct file-to-file copy ({@code Files.copy(source, dest)} can use {@code sendfile(2)} on
+     * Linux), which avoids the two-memory-copy hit of streaming a disk-backed upload through the
+     * JVM heap.
     */
-    default Stored store(Path source, String originalName) throws IOException {
+    default Stored store(Path source, String originalName, String owner) throws IOException {
        try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(source)) {
-            return store(in, originalName);
+            return store(in, originalName, owner);
        }
    }

+    /** Store with no owner. Equivalent to {@link #store(Path, String, String)} with null. */
+    default Stored store(Path source, String originalName) throws IOException {
+        return store(source, originalName, null);
+    }
+
    /** Open the stored file for streaming reads. Caller closes. */
    InputStream retrieve(String fileId) throws IOException;

@@ -42,4 +58,12 @@ public interface FileStore {

    /** Whether the file id exists in the store. */
    boolean exists(String fileId);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the owner identifier recorded at store time, or {@code null} if the file does not
+     * exist or was stored without an owner. Implementations must not throw when the file is missing
+     * or when the owner record is absent; they should return null so callers can treat "no owner"
+     * as a non-authoritative case.
+     */
+    String getOwner(String fileId) throws IOException;
 }
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ package stirling.software.common.cluster.inprocess;
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@@ -15,33 +18,47 @@ import stirling.software.common.cluster.FileStore;
@Slf4j
 public class LocalDiskFileStore implements FileStore {

+    private static final String OWNER_SUFFIX = ".owner";
+
+    // File ids are generated as random UUIDs; reject anything else so a tainted id can never reach
+    // Files.* APIs (defence in depth on top of the resolve() prefix check, and silences CodeQL's
+    // path-injection finding on the resolveOwner sidecar lookup).
+    private static final Pattern UUID_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile(
+                    "^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$");
+
    private final String baseDirPath;
+    // Fixed-size lock stripes so concurrent store/delete on the same (or colliding) fileId
+    // serialise the data-file + owner-sidecar pair as one critical section. Striped (not
+    // per-id) so the map never has to be cleaned up; collisions across unrelated ids are
+    // harmless contention.
+    private static final int LOCK_STRIPES = 64;
+    private final ReentrantLock[] stripes = new ReentrantLock[LOCK_STRIPES];

    public LocalDiskFileStore(String baseDirPath) {
        this.baseDirPath = baseDirPath;
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOCK_STRIPES; i++) {
+            stripes[i] = new ReentrantLock();
+        }
    }

    @Override
-    public Stored store(InputStream in, String originalName) throws IOException {
+    public Stored store(InputStream in, String originalName, String owner) throws IOException {
        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = resolve(fileId);
        Files.createDirectories(filePath.getParent());
+        ReentrantLock lock = acquire(fileId);
        boolean success = false;
        try {
            long size = Files.copy(in, filePath);
+            writeOwner(fileId, owner);
            success = true;
            return new Stored(fileId, size);
        } finally {
            if (!success) {
-                try {
-                    Files.deleteIfExists(filePath);
-                } catch (IOException cleanupEx) {
-                    log.warn(
-                            "Failed to clean up partial file {} after store failure",
-                            filePath,
-                            cleanupEx);
-                }
+                cleanupAfterFailedStore(fileId, filePath);
            }
+            release(fileId, lock);
        }
    }

@@ -52,27 +69,44 @@ public class LocalDiskFileStore implements FileStore {
     * the source size before copying so the post-copy stat is unnecessary.
     */
    @Override
-    public Stored store(Path source, String originalName) throws IOException {
+    public Stored store(Path source, String originalName, String owner) throws IOException {
        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = resolve(fileId);
        Files.createDirectories(filePath.getParent());
        long size = Files.size(source);
+        ReentrantLock lock = acquire(fileId);
        boolean success = false;
        try {
            Files.copy(source, filePath);
+            writeOwner(fileId, owner);
            success = true;
            return new Stored(fileId, size);
        } finally {
            if (!success) {
-                try {
-                    Files.deleteIfExists(filePath);
-                } catch (IOException cleanupEx) {
-                    log.warn(
-                            "Failed to clean up partial file {} after store failure",
-                            filePath,
-                            cleanupEx);
-                }
+                cleanupAfterFailedStore(fileId, filePath);
            }
+            release(fileId, lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeOwner(String fileId, String owner) throws IOException {
+        if (owner == null || owner.isBlank()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Path ownerPath = resolveOwner(fileId);
+        Files.write(ownerPath, owner.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupAfterFailedStore(String fileId, Path filePath) {
+        try {
+            Files.deleteIfExists(filePath);
+        } catch (IOException cleanupEx) {
+            log.warn("Failed to clean up partial file {} after store failure", filePath, cleanupEx);
+        }
+        try {
+            Files.deleteIfExists(resolveOwner(fileId));
+        } catch (IOException cleanupEx) {
+            log.warn("Failed to clean up owner sidecar for {} after store failure", fileId);
        }
    }

@@ -101,11 +135,26 @@ public class LocalDiskFileStore implements FileStore {

    @Override
    public boolean delete(String fileId) {
+        ReentrantLock lock = acquire(fileId);
        try {
-            return Files.deleteIfExists(resolve(fileId));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            log.error("Error deleting file with ID: {}", fileId, e);
-            return false;
+            // Data first, owner second: a concurrent retrieve that observes the transient
+            // (data-gone, owner-still-present) window simply fails with IOException; the inverse
+            // order would briefly look like an unowned file and could grant cross-user access.
+            boolean removed;
+            try {
+                removed = Files.deleteIfExists(resolve(fileId));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                log.error("Error deleting file with ID: {}", fileId, e);
+                return false;
+            }
+            try {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(resolveOwner(fileId));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                log.warn("Error deleting owner sidecar for file ID: {}", fileId, e);
+            }
+            return removed;
+        } finally {
+            release(fileId, lock);
        }
    }

@@ -114,8 +163,21 @@ public class LocalDiskFileStore implements FileStore {
        return Files.exists(resolve(fileId));
    }

+    @Override
+    public String getOwner(String fileId) throws IOException {
+        Path ownerPath = resolveOwner(fileId);
+        if (!Files.exists(ownerPath)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(ownerPath);
+        if (bytes.length == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
    public Path resolve(String fileId) {
-        if (fileId.contains("..") || fileId.contains("/") || fileId.contains("\\")) {
+        if (fileId == null || !UUID_PATTERN.matcher(fileId).matches()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid file ID");
        }
        Path basePath = Path.of(baseDirPath).normalize().toAbsolutePath();
@@ -125,4 +187,19 @@ public class LocalDiskFileStore implements FileStore {
        }
        return resolvedPath;
    }
+
+    private Path resolveOwner(String fileId) {
+        Path data = resolve(fileId);
+        return data.resolveSibling(data.getFileName().toString() + OWNER_SUFFIX);
+    }
+
+    private ReentrantLock acquire(String fileId) {
+        ReentrantLock lock = stripes[(fileId.hashCode() & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % LOCK_STRIPES];
+        lock.lock();
+        return lock;
+    }
+
+    private void release(String fileId, ReentrantLock lock) {
+        lock.unlock();
+    }
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package stirling.software.common.configuration;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Properties;
@@ -122,17 +121,17 @@ public class AppConfig {

    @Bean(name = "RunningInDocker")
    public boolean runningInDocker() {
-        return Files.exists(Paths.get("/.dockerenv"));
+        return Files.exists(Path.of("/.dockerenv"));
    }

    @Bean(name = "configDirMounted")
    public boolean isRunningInDockerWithConfig() {
-        Path dockerEnv = Paths.get("/.dockerenv");
+        Path dockerEnv = Path.of("/.dockerenv");
        // default to true if not docker
        if (!Files.exists(dockerEnv)) {
            return true;
        }
-        Path mountInfo = Paths.get("/proc/1/mountinfo");
+        Path mountInfo = Path.of("/proc/1/mountinfo");
        // this should always exist, if not some unknown usecase
        if (!Files.exists(mountInfo)) {
            return true;
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
 import java.util.List;

@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ public class ConfigInitializer {

    public void ensureConfigExists() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
        // 1) If settings file doesn't exist, create from template
-        Path destPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
+        Path destPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());

        boolean settingsFileExists = Files.exists(destPath);

@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ public class ConfigInitializer {
            if (settingsFileExists) {
                // move settings.yml to settings.yml.{timestamp}.bak
                Path backupPath =
-                        Paths.get(
+                        Path.of(
                                InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath()
                                        + "."
                                        + System.currentTimeMillis()
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ public class ConfigInitializer {
        }

        // 3) Ensure custom settings file exists
-        Path customSettingsPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getCustomSettingsPath());
+        Path customSettingsPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getCustomSettingsPath());
        if (Files.notExists(customSettingsPath)) {
            Files.createFile(customSettingsPath);
            log.info("Created custom_settings file: {}", customSettingsPath);
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package stirling.software.common.configuration;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ public class RuntimePathConfig {

            try {
                // Normalize to absolute path
-                Path path = Paths.get(pathStr.trim()).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                Path path = Path.of(pathStr.trim()).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
                String normalizedPath = path.toString();

                // Check for duplicates
@@ -224,9 +223,9 @@ public class RuntimePathConfig {

    private void detectOverlappingPaths(List<String> paths) {
        for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
-            Path path1 = Paths.get(paths.get(i));
+            Path path1 = Path.of(paths.get(i));
            for (int j = i + 1; j < paths.size(); j++) {
-                Path path2 = Paths.get(paths.get(j));
+                Path path2 = Path.of(paths.get(j));

                // Check if one path is a parent of the other
                if (path1.startsWith(path2)) {
@@ -246,10 +245,10 @@ public class RuntimePathConfig {

    private void validatePipelinePaths() {
        try {
-            Path finishedPath = Paths.get(pipelineFinishedFoldersPath).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+            Path finishedPath = Path.of(pipelineFinishedFoldersPath).toAbsolutePath().normalize();

            for (String watchedPathStr : pipelineWatchedFoldersPaths) {
-                Path watchedPath = Paths.get(watchedPathStr).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                Path watchedPath = Path.of(watchedPathStr).toAbsolutePath().normalize();

                // Check if watched folder is same as finished folder
                if (watchedPath.equals(finishedPath)) {
@@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ public class ApplicationProperties {
    private ProcessExecutor processExecutor = new ProcessExecutor();
    private PdfEditor pdfEditor = new PdfEditor();
    private AiEngine aiEngine = new AiEngine();
+    private Mcp mcp = new Mcp();
    private InternalApi internalApi = new InternalApi();
    private Cluster cluster = new Cluster();
+    private Policies policies = new Policies();

    @Bean
    public PropertySource<?> dynamicYamlPropertySource(ConfigurableEnvironment environment)
@@ -202,6 +204,45 @@ public class ApplicationProperties {
        }
    }

+    @Data
+    public static class Policies {
+        /**
+         * Absolute directories that policy folder input sources and output sinks may read from or
+         * write to. Empty (the default) disables folder access entirely, so a policy can never be
+         * pointed at an arbitrary server path. Stirling's own config directory is always
+         * off-limits, and folder access is always disabled in SaaS mode regardless of this list.
+         */
+        private List<String> allowedFolderRoots = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+
+        /** How often (seconds) the schedule trigger checks for policies whose schedule is due. */
+        private long scheduleSweepSeconds = 60;
+
+        /**
+         * How often (seconds) the folder-watch trigger reconciles its watch registrations and
+         * re-runs every folder-watch policy as a safety net for filesystem events that were missed
+         * (NFS, bind mounts, inotify-queue overflow).
+         */
+        private long watchReconcileSeconds = 300;
+
+        /**
+         * How long (milliseconds) the folder-watch trigger keeps draining filesystem events after
+         * the first, so a burst from a single file copy coalesces into one run instead of many.
+         */
+        private long watchQuietPeriodMs = 500;
+
+        /**
+         * SSE emitter timeout (milliseconds) for streamed runs; generous for long multi-step runs.
+         */
+        private long streamTimeoutMs = 1800000;
+
+        /**
+         * How long (minutes) a finished run's in-memory state is retained before eviction,
+         * mirroring the job-result expiry so rich run state does not outlive the process. Active
+         * and paused runs are kept regardless of age.
+         */
+        private int runExpiryMinutes = 30;
+    }
+
    @Data
    public static class PdfEditor {
        private Cache cache = new Cache();
@@ -256,6 +297,103 @@ public class ApplicationProperties {
        private int longRunningTimeoutSeconds = 600;
    }

+    /**
+     * Model Context Protocol (MCP) server configuration. All keys live under the top-level {@code
+     * mcp.*} prefix. {@link #enabled} defaults to {@code false}: when off, no MCP beans are wired,
+     * no /mcp endpoint exists, and no protected-resource metadata is published.
+     */
+    @Data
+    public static class Mcp {
+
+        /** Master switch. When {@code false} (default), no MCP beans are wired. */
+        private boolean enabled = false;
+
+        /**
+         * When {@code true} (default), invocations require an OAuth scope: {@code mcp.tools.read}
+         * for read-style operations and {@code mcp.tools.write} for write/destructive ones. When
+         * {@code false}, scope checks are skipped (use only if your IdP issues a single coarse
+         * scope).
+         */
+        private boolean scopesEnabled = true;
+
+        /** How often to refresh the AI capabilities manifest from the engine. */
+        private int engineCapabilityRefreshMinutes = 5;
+
+        /**
+         * Tool allow-list (operation ids, e.g. {@code compress-pdf}). When non-empty, ONLY these
+         * operations are exposed over MCP; everything else is hidden, undescribable, and
+         * uninvocable - on top of the global endpoint enable/disable config. Empty = allow all.
+         */
+        private List<String> allowedOperations = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        /**
+         * Tool deny-list (operation ids). Any operation listed here is removed from MCP even if it
+         * would otherwise be allowed. Applied after {@link #allowedOperations}.
+         */
+        private List<String> blockedOperations = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        /** Max MCP request body size in bytes; inline file uploads ride in the JSON-RPC body. */
+        private long maxRequestBytes = 10L * 1024 * 1024;
+
+        /** Results up to this size return inline as base64; larger ones return a fileId only. */
+        private long maxInlineResponseBytes = 10L * 1024 * 1024;
+
+        private Auth auth = new Auth();
+
+        @Data
+        public static class Auth {
+            /**
+             * Authentication mode for the MCP endpoint. {@code oauth} (default) runs a full OAuth2
+             * resource server (JWT, RFC 8707 audience, RFC 9728 metadata). {@code apikey} accepts a
+             * Stirling per-user API key via the {@code X-API-KEY} header (or {@code Authorization:
+             * Bearer <key>}) and binds the request to that user - the low-friction self-host path,
+             * no external IdP required.
+             */
+            private String mode = "oauth";
+
+            /** OAuth2 issuer URI, e.g. {@code http://localhost:9000}. Required when MCP is on. */
+            private String issuerUri = "";
+
+            /**
+             * JWKS URI. When blank, derived from the issuer's {@code
+             * /.well-known/openid-configuration} document.
+             */
+            private String jwksUri = "";
+
+            /**
+             * RFC 8707 resource identifier of THIS MCP server, e.g. {@code
+             * http://localhost:8080/mcp}. Tokens that do not list this id in their {@code aud}
+             * claim are rejected with HTTP 401.
+             */
+            private String resourceId = "";
+
+            /**
+             * Additional JWT audiences accepted at the MCP endpoint, on top of {@link #resourceId}.
+             * Empty (default) keeps strict RFC 8707 binding. Some IdPs cannot mint
+             * resource-specific audiences - e.g. Supabase's OAuth server always issues {@code
+             * aud=authenticated} - so operators list the audience their IdP actually emits here
+             * (env: {@code MCP_AUTH_ACCEPTEDAUDIENCES}, comma-separated).
+             */
+            private List<String> acceptedAudiences = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            /**
+             * JWT claim whose value is matched against a provisioned Stirling username. Defaults to
+             * {@code sub}; set to {@code email} or {@code preferred_username} to match how your IdP
+             * maps users to Stirling accounts.
+             */
+            private String usernameClaim = "sub";
+
+            /**
+             * When {@code true} (default), a validated token is accepted only if its {@link
+             * #usernameClaim} value resolves to an existing, enabled Stirling user account. Tokens
+             * whose subject has no Stirling account (or a disabled one) are rejected with HTTP 403.
+             * Set to {@code false} only if you intentionally want any IdP-valid token to use MCP
+             * without a local account.
+             */
+            private boolean requireExistingAccount = true;
+        }
+    }
+
    /**
     * Cluster backplane configuration. All keys live under the top-level {@code cluster.*} prefix
     * (e.g. env var {@code CLUSTER_ENABLED}). The master switch is {@link #enabled} and defaults to
@@ -867,6 +1005,10 @@ public class ApplicationProperties {
        @Data
        public static class Signing {
            private boolean enabled = false;
+
+            // Signing user-picker scope: 'org' (default) = whole instance, anything else =
+            // caller's team only (fail-closed). The saas profile pins 'team'.
+            private String userListScope = "org";
        }
    }

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package stirling.software.common.model;

 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ public class FileInfo {

    // Converts the file path string to a Path object.
    public Path getFilePathAsPath() {
-        return Paths.get(filePath);
+        return Path.of(filePath);
    }

    // Formats the file size into a human-readable string.
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package stirling.software.common.pdf;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.PageText;
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.TextChar;
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.TextLine;
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.TextWord;
+
+final class HeadingDetector {
+
+    private HeadingDetector() {}
+
+    /** A heading is at most this many words; longer lines are treated as body text. */
+    private static final int MAX_HEADING_WORDS = 12;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Markdown heading prefix for a line. The decision combines several signals, never
+     * text matching, so a plain line that merely shares text with a heading is never promoted:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li><b>Size</b> — dominant glyph font size vs. the document body median (primary signal).
+     *       Some PDFs encode visual size in the text matrix, so every glyph reports ~1.0; for those
+     *       the line height is used as the proxy instead.
+     *   <li><b>Brevity</b> — headings are short labels; a line over {@value #MAX_HEADING_WORDS}
+     *       words is body text regardless of size.
+     *   <li><b>Not a sentence</b> — a line ending in {@code . ! ?} reads as prose, not a heading.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Boldness is deliberately <em>not</em> a heading signal — a bold-but-not-larger line is
+     * emphasis, not a heading (see {@link #isBoldLabel}); promoting it to {@code #}/{@code ##} is
+     * the main source of false-positive headings.
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>size &gt; baseline * 1.4 → {@code "# "}
+     *   <li>size &gt; baseline * 1.2 → {@code "## "}
+     *   <li>otherwise → {@code ""}
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    static String headingPrefix(TextLine line, float medianBodySize, float medianBodyHeight) {
+        String text = line.text().strip();
+        if (text.isEmpty() || wordCount(text) > MAX_HEADING_WORDS || endsLikeSentence(text)) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        float dominant = dominantFontSize(line);
+        float value;
+        float baseline;
+        if (dominant > 2f && medianBodySize > 2f) {
+            value = dominant;
+            baseline = medianBodySize;
+        } else {
+            value = line.height();
+            baseline = medianBodyHeight;
+        }
+        if (baseline <= 0f) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        float ratio = value / baseline;
+        if (ratio > 1.4f) {
+            return "# ";
+        }
+        if (ratio > 1.2f) {
+            return "## ";
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True when a line should be emphasised as bold (rendered {@code **like this**}) rather than
+     * promoted to a heading: it is bold, short, and not a full sentence. Used for bold labels that
+     * are not large enough to be headings.
+     */
+    static boolean isBoldLabel(TextLine line) {
+        String text = line.text().strip();
+        if (text.isEmpty() || wordCount(text) > MAX_HEADING_WORDS || endsLikeSentence(text)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return isBold(line);
+    }
+
+    private static int wordCount(String text) {
+        return text.split("\\s+").length;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean endsLikeSentence(String text) {
+        char last = text.charAt(text.length() - 1);
+        return last == '.' || last == '!' || last == '?';
+    }
+
+    /** True when the line's dominant font is bold, inferred from PostScript font names. */
+    private static boolean isBold(TextLine line) {
+        Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
+        for (TextWord word : line.words()) {
+            for (TextChar ch : word.chars()) {
+                if (ch.isWhitespace() || ch.isNewline()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                String name = ch.fontName();
+                if (name != null && !name.isBlank()) {
+                    counts.merge(name, 1, Integer::sum);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        String dominantFont = "";
+        int max = -1;
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> e : counts.entrySet()) {
+            if (e.getValue() > max) {
+                max = e.getValue();
+                dominantFont = e.getKey();
+            }
+        }
+        String lower = dominantFont.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT);
+        return lower.contains("bold")
+                || lower.contains("black")
+                || lower.contains("heavy")
+                || lower.contains("semibold");
+    }
+
+    /** Computes the median glyph font size across all pages. */
+    static float medianFontSize(List<PageText> allPages) {
+        List<Float> sizes = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (PageText page : allPages) {
+            for (TextChar ch : page.chars()) {
+                if (!ch.isWhitespace() && !ch.isNewline() && ch.fontSize() > 0f) {
+                    sizes.add(ch.fontSize());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return median(sizes, 12f);
+    }
+
+    /** Computes the median TextLine height across all pages. Used when font size is degenerate. */
+    static float medianLineHeight(List<PageText> allPages) {
+        List<Float> heights = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (PageText page : allPages) {
+            for (TextLine line : page.lines()) {
+                if (line.height() > 0f && !line.text().isBlank()) {
+                    heights.add(line.height());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return median(heights, 12f);
+    }
+
+    private static float median(List<Float> values, float fallback) {
+        if (values.isEmpty()) {
+            return fallback;
+        }
+        Collections.sort(values);
+        int mid = values.size() / 2;
+        if (values.size() % 2 == 0) {
+            return (values.get(mid - 1) + values.get(mid)) / 2f;
+        }
+        return values.get(mid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the font size that appears most often (by character count) in the given line. Ties
+     * are broken in favour of the larger size.
+     */
+    private static float dominantFontSize(TextLine line) {
+        Map<Float, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
+        for (TextWord word : line.words()) {
+            for (TextChar ch : word.chars()) {
+                if (!ch.isWhitespace() && !ch.isNewline() && ch.fontSize() > 0f) {
+                    counts.merge(ch.fontSize(), 1, Integer::sum);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (counts.isEmpty()) {
+            return 0f;
+        }
+        float dominant = 0f;
+        int maxCount = -1;
+        for (Map.Entry<Float, Integer> entry : counts.entrySet()) {
+            int count = entry.getValue();
+            float size = entry.getKey();
+            if (count > maxCount || (count == maxCount && size > dominant)) {
+                maxCount = count;
+                dominant = size;
+            }
+        }
+        return dominant;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package stirling.software.common.pdf;
+
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.Table;
+
+final class TableRenderer {
+    private TableRenderer() {}
+
+    /** Renders a Table as a GitHub-Flavoured Markdown table string. */
+    static String render(Table table) {
+        if (table.rowCount() == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        String[][] grid = table.asGrid();
+
+        if (table.rowCount() < 2) {
+            // No separator row possible — return plain lines
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            for (int c = 0; c < grid[0].length; c++) {
+                if (c > 0) sb.append('\n');
+                sb.append(escape(grid[0][c].trim()));
+            }
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        int cols = grid[0].length;
+
+        // Compute column widths: max(3, max content length across all rows)
+        int[] widths = new int[cols];
+        for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+            widths[c] = 3;
+        }
+        for (String[] row : grid) {
+            for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+                String cell = c < row.length ? row[c].trim() : "";
+                widths[c] = Math.max(widths[c], escape(cell).length());
+            }
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+        // Header row
+        sb.append(buildRow(grid[0], widths, cols));
+        sb.append('\n');
+
+        // Separator row
+        sb.append('|');
+        for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+            sb.append('-').append("-".repeat(widths[c])).append('-').append('|');
+        }
+        sb.append('\n');
+
+        // Data rows
+        for (int r = 1; r < grid.length; r++) {
+            sb.append(buildRow(grid[r], widths, cols));
+            if (r < grid.length - 1) {
+                sb.append('\n');
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String buildRow(String[] row, int[] widths, int cols) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append('|');
+        for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+            String cell = c < row.length ? escape(row[c].trim()) : "";
+            sb.append(' ').append(padRight(cell, widths[c])).append(' ').append('|');
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String escape(String cell) {
+        return cell.replace("|", "\\|");
+    }
+
+    private static String padRight(String s, int width) {
+        if (s.length() >= width) return s;
+        return s + " ".repeat(width - s.length());
+    }
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.PipedInputStream;
 import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

 import stirling.software.common.cluster.FileStore;
+import stirling.software.common.util.JobContext;

 /**
 * Service for storing and retrieving files with unique file IDs. Used by the AutoJobPostMapping
@@ -32,8 +34,10 @@ public class FileStorage {

    private final FileOrUploadService fileOrUploadService;
    private final FileStore fileStore;
+    private final Optional<JobOwnershipService> jobOwnershipService;

    public String storeFile(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
+        String owner = resolveOwner();
        // Fast path: when Spring buffered the multipart to disk (typical for large uploads), the
        // backing Resource exposes a real File. Hand the Path to the FileStore so it can do a
        // file-to-file copy (Linux sendfile, no copy through Java heap) rather than streaming
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ public class FileStorage {
        if (res != null && res.isFile()) {
            try {
                FileStore.Stored stored =
-                        fileStore.store(res.getFile().toPath(), file.getOriginalFilename());
+                        fileStore.store(res.getFile().toPath(), file.getOriginalFilename(), owner);
                log.debug("Stored file with ID: {} (fast path)", stored.fileId());
                return stored.fileId();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
@@ -57,40 +61,45 @@ public class FileStorage {
            }
        }
        try (InputStream in = file.getInputStream()) {
-            FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, file.getOriginalFilename());
+            FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, file.getOriginalFilename(), owner);
            log.debug("Stored file with ID: {}", stored.fileId());
            return stored.fileId();
        }
    }

    public String storeBytes(byte[] bytes, String originalName) throws IOException {
-        FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes), originalName);
+        FileStore.Stored stored =
+                fileStore.store(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes), originalName, resolveOwner());
        log.debug("Stored byte array with ID: {}", stored.fileId());
        return stored.fileId();
    }

    public MultipartFile retrieveFile(String fileId) throws IOException {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        byte[] fileData = fileStore.retrieveBytes(fileId);
        return fileOrUploadService.toMockMultipartFile(fileId, fileData);
    }

    public byte[] retrieveBytes(String fileId) throws IOException {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        return fileStore.retrieveBytes(fileId);
    }

    public InputStream retrieveInputStream(String fileId) throws IOException {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        return fileStore.retrieve(fileId);
    }

    public StoredFile storeInputStream(InputStream inputStream, String originalName)
            throws IOException {
-        FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(inputStream, originalName);
+        FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(inputStream, originalName, resolveOwner());
        log.debug("Stored input stream with ID: {}", stored.fileId());
        return new StoredFile(stored.fileId(), stored.size());
    }

    public String storeFromStreamingBody(StreamingResponseBody body, String originalName)
            throws IOException {
+        String owner = resolveOwner();
        // Hold Throwable not IOException: an unchecked failure (NPE, IllegalState, OOM, etc.)
        // from the body writer would otherwise close the pipe with EOF and the consumer would
        // return a truncated file with no error surfaced to the caller.
@@ -115,7 +124,7 @@ public class FileStorage {
                                        }
                                    }
                                });
-                FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, originalName);
+                FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, originalName, owner);
                Throwable writerErr = bodyError.get();
                if (writerErr != null) {
                    // Body failed mid-write: the FileStore persisted a truncated entry.
@@ -159,21 +168,62 @@ public class FileStorage {

    public String storeFromResource(Resource resource, String originalName) throws IOException {
        try (InputStream in = resource.getInputStream()) {
-            FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, originalName);
+            FileStore.Stored stored = fileStore.store(in, originalName, resolveOwner());
            log.debug("Stored Resource with ID: {}", stored.fileId());
            return stored.fileId();
        }
    }

    public boolean deleteFile(String fileId) {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        return fileStore.delete(fileId);
    }

    public boolean fileExists(String fileId) {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        return fileStore.exists(fileId);
    }

    public long getFileSize(String fileId) throws IOException {
+        enforceOwnership(fileId);
        return fileStore.size(fileId);
    }
+
+    private String resolveOwner() {
+        String propagated = JobContext.getOwner();
+        if (propagated != null) {
+            return propagated;
+        }
+        return jobOwnershipService.flatMap(JobOwnershipService::getCurrentUserId).orElse(null);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceOwnership(String fileId) {
+        if (jobOwnershipService.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Optional<String> currentUser = jobOwnershipService.get().getCurrentUserId();
+        if (currentUser.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        String owner;
+        try {
+            owner = fileStore.getOwner(fileId);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.warn("Failed to read owner for file {}: {}", fileId, e.getMessage());
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Access denied: could not verify ownership of the requested file");
+        }
+        if (owner == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!owner.equals(currentUser.get())) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "Access denied: user {} attempted to access file {} owned by {}",
+                    currentUser.get(),
+                    fileId,
+                    owner);
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Access denied: you do not have permission to access this file");
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -50,6 +50,16 @@ public class InternalApiClient {
                    "^/api/v1/(general|misc|security|convert|filter)(/[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)+$"
                            + "|^/api/v1/ai/tools(/[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)+$");

+    /**
+     * Marker propagated on every internal sub-step dispatch so the saas PAYG interceptor classifies
+     * the call as {@code BillingCategory.AUTOMATION}. By construction every {@link
+     * InternalApiClient#post} caller is an automation surface (pipeline executor, AI workflow,
+     * policy runner) running a child tool inside a parent automation flow — see the saas {@code
+     * PaygChargeInterceptor.determineCategory} precedence chain, where this header dominates any
+     * per-tool {@code @RequiresFeature} annotation.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTOMATION_HEADER = "X-Stirling-Automation";
+
    private final ServletContext servletContext;
    private final UserServiceInterface userService;
    private final TempFileManager tempFileManager;
@@ -96,7 +106,23 @@ public class InternalApiClient {
        if (apiKey != null && !apiKey.isEmpty()) {
            headers.add("X-API-KEY", apiKey);
        }
+        // Tag the sub-step as automation so PAYG bills it under AUTOMATION regardless of which
+        // tool-level @RequiresFeature annotation the dispatched controller carries (e.g. an AI-OCR
+        // step inside a policy run must bill as AUTOMATION, not AI). Set unconditionally because
+        // every caller of this dispatcher is an automation surface by design.
+        headers.add(AUTOMATION_HEADER, "true");

+        // A no-file ai/tools call (e.g. create-pdf-from-html-agent) sends only string params, so
+        // without this RestTemplate would use urlencoded instead of the multipart the controller
+        // expects. File-bearing calls get the right multipart content-type from RestTemplate.
+        boolean isAiTool = endpointPath.startsWith("/api/v1/ai/tools/");
+        boolean hasFilePart =
+                body.values().stream()
+                        .flatMap(java.util.List::stream)
+                        .anyMatch(v -> v instanceof Resource);
+        if (isAiTool && !hasFilePart) {
+            headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
+        }
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> entity = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
        RequestCallback requestCallback = restTemplate.httpEntityCallback(entity, Resource.class);

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ public class JobExecutorService {

        String jobId = scopedJobKey;

+        final String jobOwner =
+                jobOwnershipService != null
+                        ? jobOwnershipService.getCurrentUserId().orElse(null)
+                        : null;
+
        long timeoutToUse = customTimeoutMs > 0 ? customTimeoutMs : effectiveTimeoutMs;

        log.debug(
@@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
                        try {
                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(
                                    capturedJobIdForQueue);
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setOwner(jobOwner);
                            Object result = work.get();
                            processJobResult(capturedJobIdForQueue, result);
                            return result;
@@ -153,6 +159,7 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
                                    timeoutToUse);

                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(capturedJobId);
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setOwner(jobOwner);
                            Object result = executeWithTimeout(() -> work.get(), timeoutToUse);
                            processJobResult(capturedJobId, result);
                        } catch (TimeoutException te) {
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package stirling.software.common.service;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ public class MobileScannerService {
    public MobileScannerService() throws IOException {
        // Create temp directory for mobile scanner uploads
        this.tempDirectory =
-                Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "stirling-mobile-scanner");
+                Path.of(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "stirling-mobile-scanner");
        Files.createDirectories(tempDirectory);
        log.info("Mobile scanner temp directory: {}", tempDirectory);
    }
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import java.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean;
 import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
 import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public class PostHogService {
    }

    private boolean isRunningInDocker() {
-        return Files.exists(Paths.get("/.dockerenv"));
+        return Files.exists(Path.of("/.dockerenv"));
    }

    private Map<String, Object> getDockerMetrics() {
@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
 package stirling.software.common.service;

+import java.util.List;
+
 /** Provides metadata about tool endpoints for internal dispatch. */
 public interface ToolMetadataService {

    /** Returns true if the given operation path accepts multiple input files. */
    boolean isMultiInput(String operationPath);

+    /**
+     * Returns the file extensions (lowercase, no leading dot, e.g. {@code "pdf"}) that the
+     * operation accepts as input ({@code output=false}) or produces as output ({@code
+     * output=true}), derived from the endpoint's declared type. Returns {@code null} when the
+     * endpoint declares no specific type, which callers should treat as "any type accepted".
+     */
+    List<String> getExtensionTypes(boolean output, String operationPath);
+
    /**
     * Returns true when the endpoint's ZIP response is a transport for multiple typed results and
     * should be unpacked: multi-output endpoints (Type:SIMO / Type:MIMO) and wrapper declarations
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
        String pattern = locationPattern;
        if (pattern.startsWith("file:")) {
            String rawPath = pattern.substring(5).replace("\\*", "").replace("/*", "");
-            Path normalizePath = Paths.get(rawPath).normalize();
+            Path normalizePath = Path.of(rawPath).normalize();
            pattern = "file:" + normalizePath.toString().replace("\\", "/") + "/*";
        }
        return ResourcePatternUtils.getResourcePatternResolver(resourceLoader)
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
    }

    public boolean createDir(String path) {
-        Path folder = Paths.get(path);
+        Path folder = Path.of(path);
        if (!Files.exists(folder)) {
            try {
                Files.createDirectories(folder);
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {

    public void saveKeyToSettings(String key, Object newValue) throws IOException {
        String[] keyArray = key.split("\\.");
-        Path settingsPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
+        Path settingsPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
        YamlHelper settingsYaml = new YamlHelper(settingsPath);
        settingsYaml.updateValue(Arrays.asList(keyArray), newValue);
        settingsYaml.saveOverride(settingsPath);
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
            return;
        }

-        Path settingsPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
+        Path settingsPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
        YamlHelper settingsYaml = new YamlHelper(settingsPath);

        // Apply all updates to the same YamlHelper instance
@@ -974,11 +974,11 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
     */
    public void extractPipeline() throws IOException {
        Path pipelineDir =
-                Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getPipelinePath(), DEFAULT_WEBUI_CONFIGS_DIR);
+                Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getPipelinePath(), DEFAULT_WEBUI_CONFIGS_DIR);
        Files.createDirectories(pipelineDir);

        for (String name : DEFAULT_VALID_PIPELINE) {
-            if (!Paths.get(name).getFileName().toString().equals(name)) {
+            if (!Path.of(name).getFileName().toString().equals(name)) {
                log.error("Invalid pipeline file name: {}", name);
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid pipeline file name: " + name);
            }
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "scriptName must not contain path traversal characters");
        }
-        if (!Paths.get(scriptName).getFileName().toString().equals(scriptName)) {
+        if (!Path.of(scriptName).getFileName().toString().equals(scriptName)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "scriptName must not contain path traversal characters");
        }
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ public class GeneralUtils {
                    "scriptName must be either 'png_to_webp.py' or 'split_photos.py'");
        }

-        Path scriptsDir = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getScriptsPath(), PYTHON_SCRIPTS_DIR);
+        Path scriptsDir = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getScriptsPath(), PYTHON_SCRIPTS_DIR);
        Files.createDirectories(scriptsDir);

        Path target = scriptsDir.resolve(scriptName);
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;

 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ public class JarPathUtil {
    public static Path currentJar() {
        try {
            Path jar =
-                    Paths.get(
+                    Path.of(
                                    JarPathUtil.class
                                            .getProtectionDomain()
                                            .getCodeSource()
@@ -61,14 +60,14 @@ public class JarPathUtil {
        }

        // Location 2: ./build/libs/ (development build)
-        possibleLocations[1] = Paths.get("build", "libs", "restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();
+        possibleLocations[1] = Path.of("build", "libs", "restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();

        // Location 3: app/common/build/libs/ (multi-module build)
        possibleLocations[2] =
-                Paths.get("app", "common", "build", "libs", "restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();
+                Path.of("app", "common", "build", "libs", "restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();

        // Location 4: Current working directory
-        possibleLocations[3] = Paths.get("restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();
+        possibleLocations[3] = Path.of("restart-helper.jar").toAbsolutePath();

        // Check each location
        for (Path location : possibleLocations) {
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package stirling.software.common.util;

-/** Thread-local context for passing job ID across async boundaries */
+/** Thread-local context for passing job ID and owner across async boundaries */
 public class JobContext {
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> CURRENT_JOB_ID = new ThreadLocal<>();
+    private static final ThreadLocal<String> CURRENT_OWNER = new ThreadLocal<>();

    public static void setJobId(String jobId) {
        CURRENT_JOB_ID.set(jobId);
@@ -12,7 +13,16 @@ public class JobContext {
        return CURRENT_JOB_ID.get();
    }

+    public static void setOwner(String owner) {
+        CURRENT_OWNER.set(owner);
+    }
+
+    public static String getOwner() {
+        return CURRENT_OWNER.get();
+    }
+
    public static void clear() {
        CURRENT_JOB_ID.remove();
+        CURRENT_OWNER.remove();
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;
+
+import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
+import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
+import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
+import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
+import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
+import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+import io.github.pixee.security.ZipSecurity;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+import stirling.software.common.service.SsrfProtectionService;
+
+// Strips external refs from OOXML/ODF uploads so LibreOffice can't be made to fetch them.
+@Component
+@Slf4j
+public class OfficeDocumentSanitizer {
+
+    private static final Set<String> OOXML_EXTENSIONS =
+            Set.of(
+                    "docx", "docm", "dotx", "dotm", "xlsx", "xlsm", "xltx", "xltm", "pptx", "pptm",
+                    "potx", "potm", "ppsx", "ppsm");
+
+    private static final Set<String> ODF_EXTENSIONS =
+            Set.of(
+                    "odt", "ott", "ods", "ots", "odp", "otp", "odg", "otg", "odf", "odc", "odi",
+                    "odm");
+
+    private static final Set<String> ODF_XML_PARTS =
+            Set.of("content.xml", "styles.xml", "meta.xml", "settings.xml");
+
+    private final SsrfProtectionService ssrfProtectionService;
+    private final ApplicationProperties applicationProperties;
+
+    public OfficeDocumentSanitizer(
+            SsrfProtectionService ssrfProtectionService,
+            ApplicationProperties applicationProperties) {
+        this.ssrfProtectionService = ssrfProtectionService;
+        this.applicationProperties = applicationProperties;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSanitizableExtension(String extension) {
+        if (extension == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String lower = extension.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        return OOXML_EXTENSIONS.contains(lower) || ODF_EXTENSIONS.contains(lower);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] sanitize(byte[] documentBytes, String extension) throws IOException {
+        if (documentBytes == null || documentBytes.length == 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Office document input is empty or null");
+        }
+        if (applicationProperties.getSystem().isDisableSanitize()) {
+            log.debug("Office document sanitization disabled by configuration");
+            return documentBytes;
+        }
+        if (!isSanitizableExtension(extension)) {
+            return documentBytes;
+        }
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(documentBytes.length);
+        try (ZipInputStream zipIn =
+                        ZipSecurity.createHardenedInputStream(
+                                new ByteArrayInputStream(documentBytes));
+                ZipOutputStream zipOut = new ZipOutputStream(out)) {
+
+            ZipEntry entry;
+            while ((entry = zipIn.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                String name = entry.getName();
+                byte[] bytes = entry.isDirectory() ? new byte[0] : zipIn.readAllBytes();
+
+                if (!entry.isDirectory()) {
+                    bytes = sanitizeEntry(name, bytes);
+                }
+
+                ZipEntry outEntry = new ZipEntry(name);
+                if (entry.getComment() != null) {
+                    outEntry.setComment(entry.getComment());
+                }
+                if (entry.getExtra() != null) {
+                    outEntry.setExtra(entry.getExtra());
+                }
+                zipOut.putNextEntry(outEntry);
+                if (!entry.isDirectory()) {
+                    zipOut.write(bytes);
+                }
+                zipOut.closeEntry();
+            }
+        }
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] sanitizeEntry(String entryName, byte[] entryBytes) {
+        String lower = entryName.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        try {
+            if (lower.endsWith(".rels")) {
+                return sanitizeOoxmlRels(entryBytes);
+            }
+            if (isOdfXmlPart(lower)) {
+                return sanitizeOdfXml(entryBytes);
+            }
+        } catch (ParserConfigurationException
+                | SAXException
+                | IOException
+                | TransformerException e) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "Failed to parse XML part '{}' for sanitization, leaving as-is: {}",
+                    entryName,
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+        return entryBytes;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isOdfXmlPart(String lowerName) {
+        int slash = lowerName.lastIndexOf('/');
+        String base = slash >= 0 ? lowerName.substring(slash + 1) : lowerName;
+        return ODF_XML_PARTS.contains(base);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] sanitizeOoxmlRels(byte[] xmlBytes)
+            throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, TransformerException {
+        Document doc = parseSecurely(xmlBytes);
+        Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
+        if (root == null) {
+            return xmlBytes;
+        }
+        NodeList relationships = root.getElementsByTagNameNS("*", "Relationship");
+        List<Node> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < relationships.getLength(); i++) {
+            Node node = relationships.item(i);
+            NamedNodeMap attrs = node.getAttributes();
+            if (attrs == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Node targetMode = attrs.getNamedItem("TargetMode");
+            if (targetMode == null || !"external".equalsIgnoreCase(targetMode.getNodeValue())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Node target = attrs.getNamedItem("Target");
+            String targetValue = target == null ? "" : target.getNodeValue();
+            if (isAdminAllowed(targetValue)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            log.warn(
+                    "Stripping OOXML external relationship target: {}",
+                    truncateForLog(targetValue));
+            toRemove.add(node);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.isEmpty()) {
+            return xmlBytes;
+        }
+        for (Node n : toRemove) {
+            n.getParentNode().removeChild(n);
+        }
+        return serializeDocument(doc);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] sanitizeOdfXml(byte[] xmlBytes)
+            throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, TransformerException {
+        Document doc = parseSecurely(xmlBytes);
+        Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
+        if (root == null) {
+            return xmlBytes;
+        }
+        boolean modified = stripExternalHrefs(root);
+        if (!modified) {
+            return xmlBytes;
+        }
+        return serializeDocument(doc);
+    }
+
+    private boolean stripExternalHrefs(Node node) {
+        boolean modified = false;
+        if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
+            NamedNodeMap attrs = node.getAttributes();
+            List<String> hrefAttrsToRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
+                Node attr = attrs.item(i);
+                String name = attr.getNodeName();
+                if (name == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                String lower = name.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+                if (!(lower.equals("xlink:href")
+                        || lower.endsWith(":href")
+                        || lower.equals("href"))) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                String value = attr.getNodeValue();
+                if (!isExternalUrl(value)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (isAdminAllowed(value)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                log.warn(
+                        "Stripping ODF external href attribute ({}): {}",
+                        name,
+                        truncateForLog(value));
+                hrefAttrsToRemove.add(name);
+            }
+            Element element = (Element) node;
+            for (String attrName : hrefAttrsToRemove) {
+                element.removeAttribute(attrName);
+                modified = true;
+            }
+        }
+        NodeList children = node.getChildNodes();
+        for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
+            if (stripExternalHrefs(children.item(i))) {
+                modified = true;
+            }
+        }
+        return modified;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isExternalUrl(String url) {
+        if (url == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String trimmed = url.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        if (trimmed.isEmpty() || trimmed.startsWith("#") || trimmed.startsWith("../")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return trimmed.startsWith("http://")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("https://")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("ftp://")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("ftps://")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("file:")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("smb:")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("\\\\")
+                || trimmed.startsWith("//");
+    }
+
+    // Preserved only with an explicit allowedDomains entry; MEDIUM default would admit public URLs.
+    private boolean isAdminAllowed(String url) {
+        if (ssrfProtectionService == null || url == null || url.isBlank()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ApplicationProperties.Html.UrlSecurity config =
+                applicationProperties.getSystem().getHtml().getUrlSecurity();
+        if (config == null
+                || config.getAllowedDomains() == null
+                || config.getAllowedDomains().isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return ssrfProtectionService.isUrlAllowed(url);
+    }
+
+    private Document parseSecurely(byte[] xmlBytes)
+            throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException {
+        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+        factory.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+        factory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
+        factory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
+        factory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
+        factory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", false);
+        factory.setXIncludeAware(false);
+        factory.setExpandEntityReferences(false);
+        factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
+        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
+        return builder.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlBytes));
+    }
+
+    private byte[] serializeDocument(Document doc) throws TransformerException {
+        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
+        tf.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+        Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
+        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
+        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "no");
+        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "no");
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        transformer.transform(new DOMSource(doc), new StreamResult(baos));
+        return baos.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private String truncateForLog(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return "null";
+        }
+        return value.length() > 80 ? value.substring(0, 80) + "..." : value;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.config;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.config.EndpointConfiguration.DisableReason;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.config.EndpointConfiguration.EndpointAvailability;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link EndpointConfiguration}. The class wires up its endpoint/group registry in
+ * {@code init()} during construction and then applies environment overrides. We build it with a
+ * real {@link ApplicationProperties} (whose System/Endpoints sub-objects are non-null by default)
+ * so the constructor runs cleanly without any mocking.
+ */
+class EndpointConfigurationGapTest {
+
+    private ApplicationProperties applicationProperties;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct an EndpointConfiguration with the given pro flag and current applicationProperties.
+     */
+    private EndpointConfiguration build(boolean runningProOrHigher) {
+        return new EndpointConfiguration(applicationProperties, runningProOrHigher);
+    }
+
+    /** Default config: not pro, no removals, url-to-pdf disabled (default System flag is false). */
+    private EndpointConfiguration buildDefault() {
+        return build(false);
+    }
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        applicationProperties = new ApplicationProperties();
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("endpointKeyForUri (static)")
+    class EndpointKeyForUriTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for null uri")
+        void nullUri() {
+            assertNull(EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null when uri does not contain /api/v1")
+        void notApiPath() {
+            assertNull(EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("/foo/bar/baz"));
+            assertNull(EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("https://example.com/home"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null when uri has too few path segments")
+        void tooFewSegments() {
+            // "/api/v1/general" splits to ["", "api", "v1", "general"] -> length 4, not > 4
+            assertNull(EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("/api/v1/general"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("extracts plain endpoint key from a standard /api/v1/<group>/<endpoint> uri")
+        void plainEndpoint() {
+            assertEquals(
+                    "remove-pages",
+                    EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("/api/v1/general/remove-pages"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("builds a <from>-to-<to> key for convert endpoints")
+        void convertEndpoint() {
+            assertEquals(
+                    "pdf-to-img",
+                    EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("/api/v1/convert/pdf/img"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("convert path without a target segment falls back to the segment after group")
+        void convertWithoutTarget() {
+            // "/api/v1/convert/pdf" -> length 5, the convert branch needs length > 5
+            assertEquals("pdf", EndpointConfiguration.endpointKeyForUri("/api/v1/convert/pdf"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("enable / disable endpoint")
+    class EnableDisableEndpointTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("a freshly registered endpoint is enabled by default")
+        void enabledByDefault() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disableEndpoint marks the endpoint disabled")
+        void disableEndpoint() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("enableEndpoint re-enables a previously disabled endpoint")
+        void reEnableEndpoint() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+            config.enableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("leading slash is normalized away on disable")
+        void leadingSlashNormalizedOnDisable() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("/merge-pdfs");
+            // both forms resolve to the same key
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("/merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("isEndpointEnabled tolerates a leading slash on the query")
+        void leadingSlashOnQuery() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("/merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disabling clears with enable, removing the disable reason")
+        void enableClearsReason() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("split-pages", DisableReason.DEPENDENCY);
+            assertEquals(
+                    DisableReason.DEPENDENCY,
+                    config.getEndpointAvailability("split-pages").getReason());
+            config.enableEndpoint("split-pages");
+            EndpointAvailability availability = config.getEndpointAvailability("split-pages");
+            assertTrue(availability.isEnabled());
+            assertNull(availability.getReason());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("isEndpointEnabledForUri")
+    class IsEndpointEnabledForUriTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("translates a /api/v1 uri to a key and reports its status")
+        void translatesUri() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabledForUri("/api/v1/general/merge-pdfs"));
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabledForUri("/api/v1/general/merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("falls back to treating a non-api uri as a raw key")
+        void fallsBackToRawKey() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            // non-api path: key resolution returns null, so the uri itself is used as the key
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabledForUri("merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("group enable / disable")
+    class GroupTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("a functional group with all endpoints enabled reports enabled")
+        void functionalGroupEnabled() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertTrue(config.isGroupEnabled("PageOps"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disabling a functional group cascades to all its endpoints")
+        void disableFunctionalGroupCascades() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("PageOps");
+            assertFalse(config.isGroupEnabled("PageOps"));
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("remove-pages"));
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("split-pages"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("re-enabling a functional group re-enables its endpoints")
+        void enableFunctionalGroupRestores() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("PageOps");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("remove-pages"));
+            config.enableGroup("PageOps");
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("remove-pages"));
+            assertTrue(config.isGroupEnabled("PageOps"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("a functional group with one disabled endpoint is not enabled")
+        void functionalGroupWithDisabledEndpoint() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("remove-pages");
+            assertFalse(config.isGroupEnabled("PageOps"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disabledGroups reflects disabled groups and getDisabledGroups returns a copy")
+        void getDisabledGroupsReturnsCopy() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("PageOps");
+            Set<String> disabled = config.getDisabledGroups();
+            assertTrue(disabled.contains("PageOps"));
+            // mutating the returned set must not affect internal state
+            disabled.clear();
+            assertTrue(config.getDisabledGroups().contains("PageOps"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("an unknown group with no endpoints is not enabled")
+        void unknownGroupNotEnabled() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertFalse(config.isGroupEnabled("NoSuchGroupXyz"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("tool group semantics")
+    class ToolGroupTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("a tool group is enabled until explicitly disabled")
+        void toolGroupEnabledUntilDisabled() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertTrue(config.isGroupEnabled("qpdf"));
+            config.disableGroup("qpdf");
+            assertFalse(config.isGroupEnabled("qpdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disabling a tool group does NOT cascade to its endpoints directly")
+        void toolGroupNoCascade() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            // repair has alternatives (qpdf, Ghostscript); disabling only qpdf keeps it enabled
+            config.disableGroup("qpdf");
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("repair"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("endpoint with alternatives is disabled only when all tool groups are gone")
+        void allAlternativesDisabled() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("qpdf");
+            config.disableGroup("Ghostscript");
+            // repair's only alternatives are qpdf and Ghostscript
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("repair"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("endpoint with a still-enabled alternative stays enabled")
+        void oneAlternativeRemains() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            // compress-pdf alternatives: qpdf, Ghostscript, Java
+            config.disableGroup("qpdf");
+            config.disableGroup("Ghostscript");
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("compress-pdf"));
+            config.disableGroup("Java");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("compress-pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single-dependency endpoint (no alternatives) disabled when its tool group is")
+        void singleDependencyDisabled() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            // pdf-to-epub depends on Calibre, no alternatives registered
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("pdf-to-epub"));
+            config.disableGroup("Calibre");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("pdf-to-epub"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("addEndpointToGroup / addEndpointAlternative")
+    class RegistrationTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("addEndpointToGroup makes the endpoint part of the group")
+        void addEndpointToGroup() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.addEndpointToGroup("CustomGroup", "custom-endpoint");
+            Set<String> endpoints = config.getEndpointsForGroup("CustomGroup");
+            assertTrue(endpoints.contains("custom-endpoint"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("disabling a custom functional group disables its added endpoint")
+        void customFunctionalGroupCascades() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.addEndpointToGroup("CustomGroup", "custom-endpoint");
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("custom-endpoint"));
+            config.disableGroup("CustomGroup");
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("custom-endpoint"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getEndpointsForGroup returns an empty set for unknown groups")
+        void unknownGroupEmptySet() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            Set<String> endpoints = config.getEndpointsForGroup("NoSuchGroupXyz");
+            assertNotNull(endpoints);
+            assertTrue(endpoints.isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getEndpointAvailability / determineDisableReason")
+    class AvailabilityTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("an enabled endpoint has a null disable reason")
+        void enabledHasNullReason() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            EndpointAvailability availability = config.getEndpointAvailability("merge-pdfs");
+            assertTrue(availability.isEnabled());
+            assertNull(availability.getReason());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("explicit disable preserves the supplied reason")
+        void explicitDisableReason() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs", DisableReason.DEPENDENCY);
+            EndpointAvailability availability = config.getEndpointAvailability("merge-pdfs");
+            assertFalse(availability.isEnabled());
+            assertEquals(DisableReason.DEPENDENCY, availability.getReason());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("default disableEndpoint reason is CONFIG")
+        void defaultDisableReasonIsConfig() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertEquals(
+                    DisableReason.CONFIG, config.getEndpointAvailability("merge-pdfs").getReason());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("endpoint disabled via functional group reports the group's reason")
+        void functionalGroupReason() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("PageOps", DisableReason.DEPENDENCY);
+            EndpointAvailability availability = config.getEndpointAvailability("crop");
+            assertFalse(availability.isEnabled());
+            // crop is disabled both via group cascade and group membership; reason is DEPENDENCY
+            assertEquals(DisableReason.DEPENDENCY, availability.getReason());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getAllEndpoints")
+    class GetAllEndpointsTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("aggregates endpoints across all groups")
+        void aggregatesAcrossGroups() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            Set<String> all = config.getAllEndpoints();
+            assertTrue(all.contains("merge-pdfs"));
+            assertTrue(all.contains("compress-pdf"));
+            assertTrue(all.contains("ocr-pdf"));
+            assertFalse(all.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("custom endpoints registered after init appear in getAllEndpoints")
+        void includesCustomEndpoints() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.addEndpointToGroup("CustomGroup", "brand-new-endpoint");
+            assertTrue(config.getAllEndpoints().contains("brand-new-endpoint"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("environment / constructor driven configuration")
+    class EnvironmentConfigTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("url-to-pdf is disabled when enableUrlToPDF is false (default)")
+        void urlToPdfDisabledByDefault() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("url-to-pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("url-to-pdf stays enabled when enableUrlToPDF is true")
+        void urlToPdfEnabledWhenFlagSet() {
+            applicationProperties.getSystem().setEnableUrlToPDF(true);
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(false);
+            assertTrue(config.isEndpointEnabled("url-to-pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("endpoints.toRemove disables the listed endpoints at construction")
+        void endpointsToRemove() {
+            applicationProperties
+                    .getEndpoints()
+                    .setToRemove(List.of(" merge-pdfs ", "split-pages"));
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(false);
+            // values are trimmed before disabling
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("merge-pdfs"));
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("split-pages"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("endpoints.groupsToRemove disables the listed groups at construction")
+        void groupsToRemove() {
+            applicationProperties.getEndpoints().setGroupsToRemove(List.of(" PageOps "));
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(false);
+            assertTrue(config.getDisabledGroups().contains("PageOps"));
+            assertFalse(config.isEndpointEnabled("remove-pages"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("non-pro build disables the enterprise group")
+        void nonProDisablesEnterprise() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(false);
+            assertTrue(config.getDisabledGroups().contains("enterprise"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("pro build does not disable the enterprise group")
+        void proDoesNotDisableEnterprise() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(true);
+            assertFalse(config.getDisabledGroups().contains("enterprise"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getEndpointStatuses (Lombok getter) and logging summary")
+    class MiscTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getEndpointStatuses reflects explicit disable state")
+        void endpointStatusesReflectDisable() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableEndpoint("merge-pdfs");
+            assertEquals(Boolean.FALSE, config.getEndpointStatuses().get("merge-pdfs"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("logDisabledEndpointsSummary runs without throwing")
+        void logSummaryDoesNotThrow() {
+            EndpointConfiguration config = buildDefault();
+            config.disableGroup("PageOps");
+            config.disableGroup("qpdf");
+            // purely a smoke test of the logging branch coverage
+            config.logDisabledEndpointsSummary();
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("logDisabledEndpointsSummary runs when nothing is disabled")
+        void logSummaryNothingDisabled() {
+            applicationProperties.getSystem().setEnableUrlToPDF(true);
+            EndpointConfiguration config = build(true);
+            config.logDisabledEndpointsSummary();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.*;
-
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-/**
- * Unit tests for {@link LineAlignmentTableParser}, focused on the coincident-line merge logic and
- * column-grid construction.
- */
-class LineAlignmentTableParserTest {
-
-    private final LineAlignmentTableParser parser = new LineAlignmentTableParser();
-
-    // ── mergeCoincidentLines ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_singleLine_unchanged() {
-        var lines = List.of(tokenized(rawLine(10f, 100f, "Revenue")));
-        assertThat(parser.mergeCoincidentLines(lines)).hasSize(1);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_distinctYLines_unchanged() {
-        // Two lines at different y positions — must NOT be merged.
-        var lines =
-                List.of(
-                        tokenized(rawLine(10f, 100f, "Revenue")),
-                        tokenized(rawLine(10f, 115f, "Cost")));
-        assertThat(parser.mergeCoincidentLines(lines)).hasSize(2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_sameY_merged() {
-        // Simulates a financial-table row split by LineBuilder at the column gap:
-        //   label fragment at x=72  → "Revenue"
-        //   value fragment at x=350 → "1,234"
-        // Both have y=100. After merge they should form one TokenizedLine.
-        var label = rawLine(72f, 100f, "Revenue");
-        var value = rawLine(350f, 100f, "1,234");
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(label), tokenized(value)));
-
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(1);
-        // The merged line should contain tokens from both halves.
-        var tokens = merged.get(0).all();
-        assertThat(tokens.stream().map(t -> t.text()).toList())
-                .containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Revenue", "1,234");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_sameY_mergedLineHasCorrectBounds() {
-        var label = rawLine(72f, 100f, "Revenue"); // 7 chars × 6pt = 42pt wide → right = 114
-        var value = rawLine(350f, 100f, "1,234"); // 5 chars × 6pt = 30pt wide → right = 380
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(label), tokenized(value)));
-
-        var bounds = merged.get(0).line().bounds();
-        assertThat(bounds.x()).isEqualTo(72f);
-        assertThat(bounds.right()).isEqualTo(380f);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_withinTolerance_merged() {
-        // Lines 1.5pt apart (within ROW_MERGE_TOLERANCE_PT = 2pt) should merge.
-        var a = rawLine(10f, 100.0f, "Alpha");
-        var b = rawLine(200f, 101.5f, "99");
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(a), tokenized(b)));
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(1);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_beyondTolerance_notMerged() {
-        // Lines 3pt apart (beyond ROW_MERGE_TOLERANCE_PT = 2pt) should NOT merge.
-        var a = rawLine(10f, 100.0f, "Alpha");
-        var b = rawLine(200f, 103.0f, "99");
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(a), tokenized(b)));
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_threeCoincident_allMerged() {
-        // Three fragments at the same y (e.g. wide financial table with two value columns).
-        var a = rawLine(72f, 100f, "Revenue");
-        var b = rawLine(300f, 100f, "1,234");
-        var c = rawLine(400f, 100f, "5,678");
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(a), tokenized(b), tokenized(c)));
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(1);
-        assertThat(merged.get(0).all()).hasSize(3);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_coincidentPairFollowedByDistinctLine_twoGroups() {
-        var a = rawLine(72f, 100f, "Revenue");
-        var b = rawLine(350f, 100f, "1,234"); // same y as a → merges with a
-        var c = rawLine(10f, 115f, "Expenses"); // different y → stays separate
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(a), tokenized(b), tokenized(c)));
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void mergeCoincidentLines_numericAnchorStatus_correctAfterMerge() {
-        // After merging, the combined line should be an anchor (≥2 numeric tokens).
-        // "Revenue" alone → not an anchor. "1,234  567" alone → anchor.
-        // Merged → anchor with at least 2 numerics.
-        var label = rawLine(72f, 100f, "Revenue");
-        var values = rawLineMultiWord(350f, 100f, "1,234", 30f, "567", 30f);
-
-        var merged = parser.mergeCoincidentLines(List.of(tokenized(label), tokenized(values)));
-
-        assertThat(merged).hasSize(1);
-        assertThat(merged.get(0).isAnchor()).isTrue();
-    }
-
-    // ── helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /** Creates a RawLine with a single TextFragment of the given text at the given position. */
-    private static RawLine rawLine(float x, float y, String text) {
-        float width = text.length() * 6f; // ~6pt per char — rough but consistent
-        float height = 12f;
-        Bounds bounds = new Bounds(x, y, width, height);
-        TextFragment fragment =
-                new TextFragment("tf-test", text, bounds, y + height, 11f, "Helvetica", false);
-        return new RawLine("ln-test", List.of(fragment), bounds, 1);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a RawLine with two TextFragments representing two words separated by a small gap.
-     * Used to simulate a values-only line with multiple numeric tokens.
-     */
-    private static RawLine rawLineMultiWord(
-            float x, float y, String word1, float w1, String word2, float w2) {
-        float height = 12f;
-        Bounds b1 = new Bounds(x, y, w1, height);
-        Bounds b2 = new Bounds(x + w1 + 5f, y, w2, height);
-        TextFragment f1 = new TextFragment("tf-1", word1, b1, y + height, 11f, "Helvetica", false);
-        TextFragment f2 = new TextFragment("tf-2", word2, b2, y + height, 11f, "Helvetica", false);
-        Bounds lineBounds = new Bounds(x, y, x + w1 + 5f + w2 - x, height);
-        return new RawLine("ln-test", List.of(f1, f2), lineBounds, 1);
-    }
-
-    /** Tokenises a RawLine via the parser's own tokenise logic (package-private access). */
-    private LineAlignmentTableParser.TokenizedLine tokenized(RawLine line) {
-        return parser.tokenize(line);
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.RawPage;
+import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.TableCell;
+import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.TableFragment;
+import static stirling.software.SPDF.pdf.parser.PdfModels.TableRow;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPageContentStream;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType1Font;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.Standard14Fonts;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link TabulaTableParser}. Tables are built in-memory with PDFBox so the tests are
+ * deterministic and need no fixtures, network, or external processes.
+ */
+class TabulaTableParserGapTest {
+
+    private final TabulaTableParser parser = new TabulaTableParser();
+
+    // ── error / empty branches ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Empty and error branches")
+    class EmptyAndErrorBranches {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page number 0 is out of Tabula's 1-based range -> empty list, no throw")
+        void pageNumberZeroReturnsEmpty() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"hello"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> result = parser.parse(doc, 0);
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                assertTrue(result.isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page number beyond the document -> empty list, exception swallowed")
+        void pageNumberOutOfRangeReturnsEmpty() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"hello"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> result = parser.parse(doc, 99);
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                assertTrue(result.isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("negative page number -> empty list")
+        void negativePageNumberReturnsEmpty() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"hello"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                assertTrue(parser.parse(doc, -5).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("lattice mode on a page with no ruled lines -> no tables")
+        void latticeWithNoRulingsReturnsEmpty() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"just some prose", "no table here"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> result = parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                assertTrue(
+                        result.isEmpty(), "borderless text must not be detected in lattice mode");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("blank page in lattice mode -> empty list")
+        void blankPageLatticeReturnsEmpty() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = blankPdf();
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                assertTrue(parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of())).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── stream mode (BasicExtractionAlgorithm) ───────────────────────────────
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Stream mode")
+    class StreamMode {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page with text yields at least one well-formed fragment")
+        void streamOnTextProducesFragment() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf =
+                    pdfWithText(new String[] {"Name Age City", "Alice 30 Paris", "Bob 25 Rome"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments =
+                        parser.parseStream(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertNotNull(fragments);
+                assertFalse(fragments.isEmpty(), "stream mode always builds a table from text");
+                assertFragmentWellFormed(fragments.get(0), 1, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("fragment ids encode page and index")
+        void streamFragmentIdFormat() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"col1 col2", "a b"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments =
+                        parser.parseStream(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertFalse(fragments.isEmpty());
+                assertEquals("tbl-p1-0", fragments.get(0).tableId());
+                assertEquals(1, fragments.get(0).pageNumber());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rawRows and the parsed rows stay in lockstep")
+        void streamRowsMatchRawRows() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"x y", "1 2", "3 4"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments =
+                        parser.parseStream(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertFalse(fragments.isEmpty());
+                TableFragment f = fragments.get(0);
+                assertEquals(f.rawRows().size(), f.rows().size());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── lattice mode with a real bordered grid ───────────────────────────────
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Lattice mode")
+    class LatticeMode {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("bordered grid is detected and produces well-formed fragments")
+        void latticeDetectsBorderedTable() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithGrid();
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments =
+                        parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertNotNull(fragments);
+                assertFalse(
+                        fragments.isEmpty(), "a clean ruled grid must be detected in lattice mode");
+                TableFragment f = fragments.get(0);
+                assertFragmentWellFormed(f, 1, 0);
+                assertTrue(f.columnCount() >= 1, "a detected grid must have at least one column");
+                assertFalse(f.rawRows().isEmpty(), "a detected grid must have rows");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("convenience overload with page number routes to lattice mode")
+        void parseByPageNumberDetectsGrid() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithGrid();
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments = parser.parse(doc, 1);
+                assertNotNull(fragments);
+                assertFalse(fragments.isEmpty());
+                assertEquals(1, fragments.get(0).pageNumber());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("cell text is normalised (trimmed, newlines collapsed)")
+        void latticeCellTextIsNormalised() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithGrid();
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                List<TableFragment> fragments =
+                        parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                assertFalse(fragments.isEmpty());
+                for (List<String> row : fragments.get(0).rawRows()) {
+                    for (String cell : row) {
+                        assertNotNull(cell);
+                        assertFalse(cell.contains("\n"), "newlines must be collapsed");
+                        assertFalse(cell.contains("\r"), "carriage returns must be collapsed");
+                        assertEquals(cell.trim(), cell, "cell text must be trimmed");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── contract invariants ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Contract invariants")
+    class ContractInvariants {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("parse never returns null")
+        void parseNeverReturnsNull() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"abc"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                assertNotNull(parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of())));
+                assertNotNull(parser.parse(doc, 1));
+                assertNotNull(parser.parseStream(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of())));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("the document is not closed by the parser")
+        void documentRemainsOpenAfterParse() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdf = pdfWithText(new String[] {"keep me open"});
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdf)) {
+                parser.parse(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                parser.parseStream(doc, new RawPage(1, 0f, 0f, List.of()));
+                // ObjectExtractor.close() would close the underlying COSDocument; the parser must
+                // not.
+                assertFalse(
+                        doc.getDocument().isClosed(),
+                        "parser must not close the caller's document");
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /** Asserts every field of a fragment satisfies the documented contract. */
+    private static void assertFragmentWellFormed(
+            TableFragment f, int expectedPage, int expectedIndex) {
+        assertNotNull(f);
+        assertEquals(expectedPage, f.pageNumber());
+        assertEquals("tbl-p" + expectedPage + "-" + expectedIndex, f.tableId());
+        assertNotNull(f.bounds());
+        assertNotNull(f.headers());
+        assertTrue(f.headers().isEmpty(), "headers are deferred to v2 and must be empty");
+        assertNotNull(f.rows());
+        assertNotNull(f.rawRows());
+        assertNotNull(f.warnings());
+        assertSame(null, f.continuedFromPage(), "continuedFromPage is deferred to v2");
+        assertTrue(f.columnCount() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(f.confidence() >= 0f && f.confidence() <= 1f, "confidence must be within [0,1]");
+        assertEquals(f.rawRows().size(), f.rows().size());
+
+        for (TableRow row : f.rows()) {
+            assertNotNull(row.cells());
+            for (TableCell cell : row.cells()) {
+                assertNotNull(cell.text());
+                assertNotNull(cell.bounds());
+                assertEquals(1, cell.colSpan(), "colSpan is always 1 in v1");
+                assertEquals(1, cell.rowSpan(), "rowSpan is always 1 in v1");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] pdfWithText(String[] lines) throws Exception {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4);
+            doc.addPage(page);
+            try (PDPageContentStream cs = new PDPageContentStream(doc, page)) {
+                cs.setFont(new PDType1Font(Standard14Fonts.FontName.HELVETICA), 12);
+                cs.setNonStrokingColor(Color.BLACK);
+                float y = 720f;
+                for (String line : lines) {
+                    cs.beginText();
+                    cs.newLineAtOffset(72f, y);
+                    cs.showText(line);
+                    cs.endText();
+                    y -= 20f;
+                }
+            }
+            return save(doc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] blankPdf() throws Exception {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            doc.addPage(new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4));
+            return save(doc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds a small 3-row x 3-column ruled grid with text in each cell. The ruled lines make the
+     * table detectable by lattice mode.
+     */
+    private static byte[] pdfWithGrid() throws Exception {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4);
+            doc.addPage(page);
+
+            float left = 100f;
+            float right = 400f;
+            float top = 700f;
+            float bottom = 550f;
+            int cols = 3;
+            int rows = 3;
+            float colStep = (right - left) / cols;
+            float rowStep = (top - bottom) / rows;
+
+            try (PDPageContentStream cs = new PDPageContentStream(doc, page)) {
+                cs.setStrokingColor(Color.BLACK);
+                cs.setLineWidth(1f);
+
+                // vertical lines
+                for (int c = 0; c <= cols; c++) {
+                    float x = left + c * colStep;
+                    cs.moveTo(x, bottom);
+                    cs.lineTo(x, top);
+                }
+                // horizontal lines
+                for (int r = 0; r <= rows; r++) {
+                    float yLine = bottom + r * rowStep;
+                    cs.moveTo(left, yLine);
+                    cs.lineTo(right, yLine);
+                }
+                cs.stroke();
+
+                // cell text
+                cs.setFont(new PDType1Font(Standard14Fonts.FontName.HELVETICA), 10);
+                cs.setNonStrokingColor(Color.BLACK);
+                for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+                    for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+                        cs.beginText();
+                        cs.newLineAtOffset(left + c * colStep + 5f, top - (r + 1) * rowStep + 6f);
+                        cs.showText("R" + r + "C" + c);
+                        cs.endText();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return save(doc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] save(PDDocument doc) throws Exception {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        doc.save(baos);
+        return baos.toByteArray();
+    }
+}
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package stirling.software.common.cluster.inprocess;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -39,4 +41,46 @@ class LocalDiskFileStoreTest {
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> store.resolve("a/b"));
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> store.resolve("a\\b"));
    }
+
+    @Test
+    void ownerSidecarCannotBeReadAsFileId(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
+        LocalDiskFileStore store = new LocalDiskFileStore(dir.toString());
+        FileStore.Stored stored =
+                store.store(new ByteArrayInputStream("hi".getBytes()), "f.bin", "alice");
+        String sidecarId = stored.fileId() + ".owner";
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> store.resolve(sidecarId));
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> store.retrieveBytes(sidecarId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void ownerIsPersistedAndReturnedByGetOwner(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
+        LocalDiskFileStore store = new LocalDiskFileStore(dir.toString());
+        FileStore.Stored stored =
+                store.store(new ByteArrayInputStream("hi".getBytes()), "f.bin", "alice");
+        assertEquals("alice", store.getOwner(stored.fileId()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void getOwnerReturnsNullWhenNoOwnerWasRecorded(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
+        LocalDiskFileStore store = new LocalDiskFileStore(dir.toString());
+        FileStore.Stored stored =
+                store.store(new ByteArrayInputStream("hi".getBytes()), "f.bin", null);
+        assertNull(store.getOwner(stored.fileId()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void getOwnerReturnsNullForUnknownFileId(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
+        LocalDiskFileStore store = new LocalDiskFileStore(dir.toString());
+        assertNull(store.getOwner("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deleteRemovesOwnerSidecar(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
+        LocalDiskFileStore store = new LocalDiskFileStore(dir.toString());
+        FileStore.Stored stored =
+                store.store(new ByteArrayInputStream("hi".getBytes()), "f.bin", "alice");
+        assertTrue(store.delete(stored.fileId()));
+        assertFalse(Files.exists(dir.resolve(stored.fileId() + ".owner")));
+        assertNull(store.getOwner(stored.fileId()));
+    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+package stirling.software.common.configuration;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.CustomPaths.Operations;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.CustomPaths.Pipeline;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link RuntimePathConfig}. All of the resolution logic lives in the constructor,
+ * so each test builds a real {@link ApplicationProperties} (a plain @Data POJO with sensible
+ * defaults), constructs the config, and asserts on the exposed getters.
+ */
+class RuntimePathConfigTest {
+
+    /** The base path the production code derives from {@link InstallationPathConfig#getPath()}. */
+    private static final String BASE_PATH = InstallationPathConfig.getPath();
+
+    private static ApplicationProperties newProperties() {
+        return new ApplicationProperties();
+    }
+
+    private static RuntimePathConfig build(ApplicationProperties properties) {
+        return new RuntimePathConfig(properties);
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Pipeline directory resolution")
+    class PipelinePaths {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Defaults to <basePath>/pipeline and derived sub-folders")
+        void defaultPipelinePaths() {
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            String expectedPipeline = Path.of(BASE_PATH, "pipeline").toString();
+            assertEquals(expectedPipeline, config.getPipelinePath());
+            // Watched folders are resolved to an absolute, normalized path by the production code.
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of(expectedPipeline, "watchedFolders")
+                            .toAbsolutePath()
+                            .normalize()
+                            .toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of(expectedPipeline, "finishedFolders").toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineFinishedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of(expectedPipeline, "defaultWebUIConfigs").toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Custom pipelineDir overrides the default pipeline path")
+        void customPipelineDir() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            Pipeline pipeline = properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getPipeline();
+            pipeline.setPipelineDir("/custom/pipeline");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals("/custom/pipeline", config.getPipelinePath());
+            // Sub-folders are derived from the (already-resolved) custom pipeline path.
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of("/custom/pipeline", "finishedFolders").toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineFinishedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of("/custom/pipeline", "defaultWebUIConfigs").toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Blank pipelineDir falls back to the default")
+        void blankPipelineDirFallsBackToDefault() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getPipeline().setPipelineDir("   ");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals(Path.of(BASE_PATH, "pipeline").toString(), config.getPipelinePath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Custom finished and webUI configs dirs override defaults")
+        void customFinishedAndWebUiDirs() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            Pipeline pipeline = properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getPipeline();
+            pipeline.setFinishedFoldersDir("/custom/finished");
+            pipeline.setWebUIConfigsDir("/custom/webui");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals("/custom/finished", config.getPipelineFinishedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals("/custom/webui", config.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Watched folder resolution")
+    class WatchedFolders {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Default watched folder is <pipeline>/watchedFolders and list has one entry")
+        void defaultWatchedFolder() {
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            // Watched folders are resolved to an absolute, normalized path by the production code.
+            String expected =
+                    Path.of(Path.of(BASE_PATH, "pipeline").toString(), "watchedFolders")
+                            .toAbsolutePath()
+                            .normalize()
+                            .toString();
+            assertEquals(expected, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals(1, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths().size());
+            assertEquals(expected, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths().get(0));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Legacy single watchedFoldersDir is used when no list is provided")
+        void legacyWatchedFolder() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDir("relativeWatched");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            // Legacy paths are normalized to absolute.
+            String expected = Path.of("relativeWatched").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString();
+            assertEquals(1, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths().size());
+            assertEquals(expected, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("New list config takes precedence over the legacy single dir")
+        void listTakesPrecedenceOverLegacy() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            Pipeline pipeline = properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getPipeline();
+            pipeline.setWatchedFoldersDir("legacyDir");
+            pipeline.setWatchedFoldersDirs(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("listDirA", "listDirB")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<String> paths = config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths();
+            assertEquals(2, paths.size());
+            assertEquals(Path.of("listDirA").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(), paths.get(0));
+            assertEquals(Path.of("listDirB").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(), paths.get(1));
+            // The legacy value must NOT appear when the list is present.
+            assertFalse(
+                    paths.contains(Path.of("legacyDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Duplicate paths in the list are de-duplicated after normalization")
+        void duplicatePathsAreDeduplicated() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDirs(
+                            new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("dupDir", "dupDir", "otherDir")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<String> paths = config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths();
+            assertEquals(2, paths.size());
+            assertEquals(Path.of("dupDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(), paths.get(0));
+            assertEquals(Path.of("otherDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(), paths.get(1));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Blank and whitespace-only list entries are sanitized out")
+        void blankListEntriesAreFiltered() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDirs(
+                            new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("  ", "", "validDir", "   ")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<String> paths = config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths();
+            assertEquals(1, paths.size());
+            assertEquals(Path.of("validDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(), paths.get(0));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("List entries are trimmed before resolution")
+        void listEntriesAreTrimmed() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDirs(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("  spacedDir  ")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of("spacedDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("An all-blank list falls back to the legacy dir, then default")
+        void allBlankListFallsBackToDefault() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDirs(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("", "   ")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            // sanitizePathList strips everything -> empty -> falls through to default watched
+            // folder.
+            // The default is also resolved to an absolute, normalized path by the production code.
+            String expectedDefault =
+                    Path.of(Path.of(BASE_PATH, "pipeline").toString(), "watchedFolders")
+                            .toAbsolutePath()
+                            .normalize()
+                            .toString();
+            assertEquals(1, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths().size());
+            assertEquals(expectedDefault, config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("First watched folder path is always exposed via the singular getter")
+        void singularGetterReturnsFirstEntry() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getPipeline()
+                    .setWatchedFoldersDirs(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("firstDir", "secondDir")));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals(
+                    config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths().get(0),
+                    config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+            assertEquals(
+                    Path.of("firstDir").toAbsolutePath().normalize().toString(),
+                    config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Operation tool path resolution")
+    class OperationPaths {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Defaults to bare command names when not running in Docker")
+        void defaultOperationPaths() {
+            // The test host has no /.dockerenv, so the non-docker defaults apply.
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            assertEquals("weasyprint", config.getWeasyPrintPath());
+            assertEquals("unoconvert", config.getUnoConvertPath());
+            assertEquals("ebook-convert", config.getCalibrePath());
+            assertEquals("ocrmypdf", config.getOcrMyPdfPath());
+            assertEquals("soffice", config.getSOfficePath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Custom operation paths override the defaults")
+        void customOperationPaths() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            Operations operations = properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getOperations();
+            operations.setWeasyprint("/opt/custom/weasyprint");
+            operations.setUnoconvert("/opt/custom/unoconvert");
+            operations.setCalibre("/opt/custom/ebook-convert");
+            operations.setOcrmypdf("/opt/custom/ocrmypdf");
+            operations.setSoffice("/opt/custom/soffice");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals("/opt/custom/weasyprint", config.getWeasyPrintPath());
+            assertEquals("/opt/custom/unoconvert", config.getUnoConvertPath());
+            assertEquals("/opt/custom/ebook-convert", config.getCalibrePath());
+            assertEquals("/opt/custom/ocrmypdf", config.getOcrMyPdfPath());
+            assertEquals("/opt/custom/soffice", config.getSOfficePath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Blank custom operation path falls back to the default")
+        void blankOperationPathFallsBack() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties.getSystem().getCustomPaths().getOperations().setWeasyprint("   ");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals("weasyprint", config.getWeasyPrintPath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("A single custom path leaves the other operation paths at defaults")
+        void partialOperationOverride() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties
+                    .getSystem()
+                    .getCustomPaths()
+                    .getOperations()
+                    .setSoffice("/usr/local/soffice");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertEquals("/usr/local/soffice", config.getSOfficePath());
+            assertEquals("weasyprint", config.getWeasyPrintPath());
+            assertEquals("unoconvert", config.getUnoConvertPath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Tesseract data path resolution")
+    class TessdataPath {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Explicit tessdataDir config wins over env var and default")
+        void configuredTessdataDirWins() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties.getSystem().setTessdataDir("/my/tessdata");
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            // Config setting has the highest priority regardless of TESSDATA_PREFIX env state.
+            assertEquals("/my/tessdata", config.getTessDataPath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("tessDataPath is never null even with no config")
+        void tessDataPathNeverNull() {
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            // With no config setting, the value comes from TESSDATA_PREFIX or the hard default,
+            // either of which is non-null.
+            assertNotNull(config.getTessDataPath());
+            assertFalse(config.getTessDataPath().isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("UNO server endpoint resolution")
+    class UnoServerEndpoints {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Auto mode builds one endpoint when session limit is unset (defaults to 1)")
+        void autoSingleEndpointByDefault() {
+            // Default ApplicationProperties: autoUnoServer = true, libreOfficeSessionLimit = 0 ->
+            // 1.
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(1, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals("127.0.0.1", endpoints.get(0).getHost());
+            assertEquals(2003, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Auto mode builds N endpoints on consecutive even ports")
+        void autoMultipleEndpoints() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties.getProcessExecutor().getSessionLimit().setLibreOfficeSessionLimit(3);
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(3, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals(2003, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+            assertEquals(2005, endpoints.get(1).getPort());
+            assertEquals(2007, endpoints.get(2).getPort());
+            for (UnoServerEndpoint endpoint : endpoints) {
+                assertEquals("127.0.0.1", endpoint.getHost());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Manual mode returns the configured (valid) endpoints")
+        void manualEndpointsAreUsed() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor processExecutor = properties.getProcessExecutor();
+            processExecutor.setAutoUnoServer(false);
+
+            UnoServerEndpoint endpoint = new UnoServerEndpoint();
+            endpoint.setHost("10.0.0.5");
+            endpoint.setPort(4000);
+            processExecutor.setUnoServerEndpoints(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(endpoint)));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(1, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals("10.0.0.5", endpoints.get(0).getHost());
+            assertEquals(4000, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Manual mode filters out endpoints with blank host or non-positive port")
+        void manualEndpointsAreSanitized() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor processExecutor = properties.getProcessExecutor();
+            processExecutor.setAutoUnoServer(false);
+
+            UnoServerEndpoint valid = new UnoServerEndpoint();
+            valid.setHost("192.168.1.10");
+            valid.setPort(5000);
+
+            UnoServerEndpoint blankHost = new UnoServerEndpoint();
+            blankHost.setHost("   ");
+            blankHost.setPort(5001);
+
+            UnoServerEndpoint badPort = new UnoServerEndpoint();
+            badPort.setHost("192.168.1.11");
+            badPort.setPort(0);
+
+            processExecutor.setUnoServerEndpoints(
+                    new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(valid, blankHost, badPort)));
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(1, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals("192.168.1.10", endpoints.get(0).getHost());
+            assertEquals(5000, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Manual mode with no usable endpoints falls back to a single default endpoint")
+        void manualModeNoEndpointsFallsBackToDefault() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor processExecutor = properties.getProcessExecutor();
+            processExecutor.setAutoUnoServer(false);
+            processExecutor.setUnoServerEndpoints(new ArrayList<>());
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(1, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals("127.0.0.1", endpoints.get(0).getHost());
+            assertEquals(2003, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Null processExecutor defaults to a single UNO endpoint")
+        void nullProcessExecutorDefaultsToSingleEndpoint() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+            properties.setProcessExecutor(null);
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            List<UnoServerEndpoint> endpoints = config.getUnoServerEndpoints();
+            assertEquals(1, endpoints.size());
+            assertEquals("127.0.0.1", endpoints.get(0).getHost());
+            assertEquals(2003, endpoints.get(0).getPort());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("General contract")
+    class GeneralContract {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getProperties returns the same instance passed to the constructor")
+        void propertiesAccessorReturnsSameInstance() {
+            ApplicationProperties properties = newProperties();
+
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(properties);
+
+            assertSame(properties, config.getProperties());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("basePath matches InstallationPathConfig.getPath()")
+        void basePathMatchesInstallationPath() {
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            assertEquals(BASE_PATH, config.getBasePath());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("All resolved path getters are non-null")
+        void allPathsNonNull() {
+            RuntimePathConfig config = build(newProperties());
+
+            assertNotNull(config.getPipelinePath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getPipelineWatchedFoldersPaths());
+            assertNotNull(config.getPipelineFinishedFoldersPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs());
+            assertNotNull(config.getWeasyPrintPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getUnoConvertPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getCalibrePath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getOcrMyPdfPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getSOfficePath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getTessDataPath());
+            assertNotNull(config.getUnoServerEndpoints());
+            assertTrue(config.getUnoServerEndpoints().size() >= 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package stirling.software.common.model;

 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

-import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -31,18 +31,33 @@ class ApplicationPropertiesLogicTest {
        assertTrue(sys.isAnalyticsEnabled());
    }

+    @Test
+    void storageSigning_userListScope_defaultsToOrg_andIsSettable() {
+        // Self-host backward-compat: scope must default to "org" (saas profile pins "team").
+        ApplicationProperties.Storage.Signing signing = new ApplicationProperties.Storage.Signing();
+
+        assertFalse(signing.isEnabled());
+        assertEquals("org", signing.getUserListScope());
+
+        signing.setUserListScope("team");
+        assertEquals("team", signing.getUserListScope());
+
+        // Reachable from the full tree as storage.signing.userListScope.
+        assertEquals(
+                "org", new ApplicationProperties().getStorage().getSigning().getUserListScope());
+    }
+
    @Test
    void tempFileManagement_defaults_and_overrides() {
-        Function<String, String> normalize = s -> Paths.get(s).normalize().toString();
+        Function<String, String> normalize = s -> Path.of(s).normalize().toString();
        ApplicationProperties.TempFileManagement tfm =
                new ApplicationProperties.TempFileManagement();

        String expectedBase =
-                Paths.get(java.lang.System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "stirling-pdf")
-                        .toString();
+                Path.of(java.lang.System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "stirling-pdf").toString();
        assertEquals(expectedBase, tfm.getBaseTmpDir());

-        String expectedLibre = Paths.get(expectedBase, "libreoffice").toString();
+        String expectedLibre = Path.of(expectedBase, "libreoffice").toString();
        assertEquals(expectedLibre, tfm.getLibreofficeDir());

        tfm.setBaseTmpDir("/custom/base");
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+package stirling.software.common.pdf;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.PdfDocument;
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.TextLine;
+import stirling.software.jpdfium.text.TextWord;
+
+/**
+ * Accuracy and robustness tests for {@link PdfMarkdownConverter}, comparing conversion output
+ * against hand-authored golden Markdown for a set of owned/synthetic fixtures.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link #gatedFixtures()} set is enforced in CI: those fixtures currently convert within
+ * the accuracy threshold and guard against regressions. Fixtures still being iterated on live in
+ * {@link #wipFixtures()} under a {@link Disabled} test so the goldens stay in the tree without
+ * breaking the build. Enable the WIP test locally to see per-fixture scores while working on the
+ * converter.
+ */
+class PdfMarkdownConverterTest {
+
+    /** Accuracy threshold: output must share at least this fraction of content with the golden. */
+    private static final double THRESHOLD = 0.95;
+
+    @TempDir Path tmp;
+
+    /** Fixtures that meet the accuracy threshold today and therefore gate CI. */
+    static Stream<Arguments> gatedFixtures() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                Arguments.of("multi-column-test_lorem.pdf", "multi-column-test_lorem.md"),
+                Arguments.of("bordered-table-test_widget.pdf", "bordered-table-test_widget.md"),
+                Arguments.of("many-tables-test_stress.pdf", "many-tables-test_stress.md"));
+    }
+
+    /** Fixtures still below the threshold; tracked here, enable locally to iterate. */
+    static Stream<Arguments> wipFixtures() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                Arguments.of(
+                        "wrapped-cell-test_expense-report.pdf",
+                        "wrapped-cell-test_expense-report.md"));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("gatedFixtures")
+    void convertMatchesGoldenMarkdown(String pdfName, String mdName) throws IOException {
+        assertConversionMatchesGolden(pdfName, mdName);
+    }
+
+    @Disabled("WIP fixtures below the accuracy threshold; enable locally to iterate")
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("wipFixtures")
+    void convertMatchesGoldenMarkdownWip(String pdfName, String mdName) throws IOException {
+        assertConversionMatchesGolden(pdfName, mdName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Degenerate/extreme geometry must not crash the converter. A crafted or malformed PDF can
+     * position text anywhere via a text matrix, so a row's words can span from near the origin to a
+     * coordinate beyond {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}. The old column-detection code sized an {@code
+     * int[]} straight from {@code (int) Math.ceil(maxX) - lo}, which either allocated a multi-GB
+     * array (OutOfMemoryError) or overflowed to a negative length (NegativeArraySizeException) —
+     * taking down the request thread. Detection must instead bail out and return no columns.
+     */
+    @Test
+    void columnDetectionSurvivesDegenerateGeometry() {
+        // x ≈ 2.5e9 is past Integer.MAX_VALUE; combined with a near-origin word it yields an
+        // implausible span that the pre-fix code turned into a fatal array allocation.
+        List<TextLine> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+            float y = 400f - r * 12f;
+            TextWord near = new TextWord(List.of(), 50f, y, 30f, 10f);
+            TextWord far = new TextWord(List.of(), 2_500_000_000f, y, 30f, 10f);
+            rows.add(new TextLine(List.of(near, far), 50f, y, 2_499_999_980f, 10f));
+        }
+
+        List<float[]> columns =
+                assertDoesNotThrow(() -> PdfMarkdownConverter.findColumnRangesFromLines(rows));
+        assertTrue(
+                columns.isEmpty(),
+                "implausible page span should disable column detection, not allocate from it");
+    }
+
+    private void assertConversionMatchesGolden(String pdfName, String mdName) throws IOException {
+        Path pdfPath = tmp.resolve(pdfName);
+        try (InputStream in =
+                getClass().getResourceAsStream("/pdf-ingestion-fixtures/" + pdfName)) {
+            if (in == null) {
+                fail("Fixture not found on classpath: /pdf-ingestion-fixtures/" + pdfName);
+            }
+            Files.copy(in, pdfPath);
+        }
+
+        String actual;
+        try (PdfDocument doc = PdfDocument.open(pdfPath)) {
+            actual = new PdfMarkdownConverter().convert(doc);
+        }
+
+        String expected;
+        try (InputStream in = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/pdf-ingestion-fixtures/" + mdName)) {
+            if (in == null) {
+                fail("Golden file not found on classpath: /pdf-ingestion-fixtures/" + mdName);
+            }
+            expected = new String(in.readAllBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+
+        // Image placeholders are not scored: their body text is a TODO ("ideally, add the info
+        // available about the image...") rather than real content, so comparing it would penalise
+        // output for matching a placeholder we intend to replace. Drop those lines from both sides.
+        expected = stripImagePlaceholders(expected);
+        actual = stripImagePlaceholders(actual);
+
+        double similarity = similarity(expected, actual);
+        if (similarity < THRESHOLD) {
+            fail(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Markdown output differs from golden file '%s' by %.1f%% (threshold %.0f%%):%n%s",
+                            mdName,
+                            (1.0 - similarity) * 100,
+                            (1.0 - THRESHOLD) * 100,
+                            unifiedDiff(expected, actual)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Substring identifying an image-placeholder line, which is excluded from scoring. */
+    private static final String IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER_MARKER = "Image intentionally redacted";
+
+    /**
+     * Removes non-content lines from the comparison: image placeholders (TODO text we intend to
+     * replace) and GFM table separator rows (the {@code |---|---|} divider, whose exact dash count
+     * is cosmetic — any run of three or more dashes is valid Markdown).
+     */
+    private static String stripImagePlaceholders(String md) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String line : md.split("\n", -1)) {
+            if (line.contains(IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER_MARKER)
+                    || line.strip().startsWith("<image redacted")
+                    || isTableSeparatorRow(line)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (sb.length() > 0) {
+                sb.append('\n');
+            }
+            sb.append(line);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** True for a GFM table separator row, e.g. {@code |---|:--:|---|} (only |, -, :, space). */
+    private static boolean isTableSeparatorRow(String line) {
+        String t = line.strip();
+        if (!t.contains("-")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return t.chars().allMatch(c -> c == '|' || c == '-' || c == ':' || c == ' ');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Character-level similarity: proportion of expected characters that appear in the LCS. O(n*m)
+     * but golden files are small enough that this is fine.
+     */
+    private static double similarity(String expected, String actual) {
+        if (expected.isEmpty() && actual.isEmpty()) return 1.0;
+        if (expected.isEmpty() || actual.isEmpty()) return 0.0;
+        // Strip all whitespace for a content-focused comparison
+        String e = expected.replaceAll("\\s+", " ").strip();
+        String a = actual.replaceAll("\\s+", " ").strip();
+        int lcs = lcsLength(e, a);
+        return (double) lcs / Math.max(e.length(), a.length());
+    }
+
+    private static int lcsLength(String a, String b) {
+        // Use two-row DP to keep memory reasonable
+        int m = a.length(), n = b.length();
+        int[] prev = new int[n + 1];
+        int[] curr = new int[n + 1];
+        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
+            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
+                if (a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 1)) {
+                    curr[j] = prev[j - 1] + 1;
+                } else {
+                    curr[j] = Math.max(curr[j - 1], prev[j]);
+                }
+            }
+            int[] tmp = prev;
+            prev = curr;
+            curr = tmp;
+            java.util.Arrays.fill(curr, 0);
+        }
+        return prev[n];
+    }
+
+    private static String unifiedDiff(String expected, String actual) {
+        String[] expectedLines = expected.split("\n", -1);
+        String[] actualLines = actual.split("\n", -1);
+
+        List<String> diff = new ArrayList<>();
+        diff.add("--- expected");
+        diff.add("+++ actual");
+
+        int maxLines = Math.max(expectedLines.length, actualLines.length);
+        int context = 3;
+        boolean inHunk = false;
+        int hunkStart = -1;
+        List<String> hunkLines = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < maxLines; i++) {
+            String exp = i < expectedLines.length ? expectedLines[i] : null;
+            String act = i < actualLines.length ? actualLines[i] : null;
+
+            boolean changed = exp == null || act == null || !exp.equals(act);
+            if (changed) {
+                if (!inHunk) {
+                    inHunk = true;
+                    hunkStart = Math.max(0, i - context);
+                    // add context lines before change
+                    for (int c = hunkStart; c < i; c++) {
+                        hunkLines.add(" " + (c < expectedLines.length ? expectedLines[c] : ""));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (exp != null) hunkLines.add("-" + exp);
+                if (act != null) hunkLines.add("+" + act);
+            } else {
+                if (inHunk) {
+                    hunkLines.add(" " + exp);
+                    // check if we're far enough past the last change to close the hunk
+                    boolean moreChanges = false;
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < Math.min(i + context, maxLines); j++) {
+                        String e2 = j < expectedLines.length ? expectedLines[j] : null;
+                        String a2 = j < actualLines.length ? actualLines[j] : null;
+                        if (e2 == null || a2 == null || !e2.equals(a2)) {
+                            moreChanges = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!moreChanges && (i - hunkStart) >= context) {
+                        diff.add("@@ -" + (hunkStart + 1) + " @@");
+                        diff.addAll(hunkLines);
+                        hunkLines.clear();
+                        inHunk = false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (inHunk && !hunkLines.isEmpty()) {
+            diff.add("@@ -" + (hunkStart + 1) + " @@");
+            diff.addAll(hunkLines);
+        }
+
+        return String.join("\n", diff);
+    }
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;

 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Optional;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ class FileStorageDelegationTest {
        FileStorage fs =
                new FileStorage(
                        mock(FileOrUploadService.class),
-                        new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()));
+                        new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()),
+                        Optional.empty());
        byte[] payload = "round-trip".getBytes();
        String id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package stirling.software.common.service;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import stirling.software.common.cluster.inprocess.LocalDiskFileStore;
+import stirling.software.common.util.JobContext;
+
+class FileStorageOwnershipTest {
+
+    private FileStorage newStorageWithoutSecurity(Path tempDir) {
+        return new FileStorage(
+                mock(FileOrUploadService.class),
+                new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()),
+                Optional.empty());
+    }
+
+    private FileStorage newStorageWithCurrentUser(Path tempDir, AtomicReference<String> userRef) {
+        JobOwnershipService svc = mock(JobOwnershipService.class);
+        when(svc.getCurrentUserId()).thenAnswer(invocation -> Optional.ofNullable(userRef.get()));
+        return new FileStorage(
+                mock(FileOrUploadService.class),
+                new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()),
+                Optional.of(svc));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void desktopMode_noOwnershipService_storesAndRetrievesWithoutChecks(@TempDir Path tempDir)
+            throws IOException {
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithoutSecurity(tempDir);
+        byte[] payload = "desktop".getBytes();
+        String id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sameUserStoresAndRetrieves_allowed(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<>("alice");
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithCurrentUser(tempDir, user);
+        byte[] payload = "alice's file".getBytes();
+        String id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void differentUserRetrieves_throwsSecurityException(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<>("alice");
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithCurrentUser(tempDir, user);
+        String id = fs.storeBytes("alice's file".getBytes(), "x.bin");
+        user.set("bob");
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.retrieveInputStream(id));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.getFileSize(id));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.fileExists(id));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.deleteFile(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void anonymousRetrieveOfOwnedFile_allowed_noCurrentUserMeansNoCompare(@TempDir Path tempDir)
+            throws IOException {
+        AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<>("alice");
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithCurrentUser(tempDir, user);
+        byte[] payload = "alice's file".getBytes();
+        String id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
+        user.set(null);
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void authedRetrieveOfAnonymousFile_allowed_noOwnerOnFile(@TempDir Path tempDir)
+            throws IOException {
+        AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithCurrentUser(tempDir, user);
+        byte[] payload = "no-owner".getBytes();
+        String id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
+        user.set("alice");
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void propagatedOwner_scopesAsyncWriteWithNoLiveUser(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+        FileStorage fs = newStorageWithCurrentUser(tempDir, user);
+        byte[] payload = "alice's async result".getBytes();
+        String id;
+        try {
+            JobContext.setOwner("alice");
+            id = fs.storeBytes(payload, "x.bin");
+        } finally {
+            JobContext.clear();
+        }
+        user.set("alice");
+        assertArrayEquals(payload, fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+        user.set("bob");
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> fs.retrieveBytes(id));
+    }
+}
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
@@ -37,7 +39,10 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    void setUp() throws IOException {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        fileStorage =
-                new FileStorage(fileOrUploadService, new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()));
+                new FileStorage(
+                        fileOrUploadService,
+                        new LocalDiskFileStore(tempDir.toString()),
+                        Optional.empty());

        // Create a mock MultipartFile
        mockFile = mock(MultipartFile.class);
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    void testRetrieveFile() throws IOException {
        // Arrange
        byte[] fileContent = "Test PDF content".getBytes();
-        String fileId = "test-file-1";
+        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = tempDir.resolve(fileId);
        Files.write(filePath, fileContent);

@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    void testRetrieveBytes() throws IOException {
        // Arrange
        byte[] fileContent = "Test PDF content".getBytes();
-        String fileId = "test-file-2";
+        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = tempDir.resolve(fileId);
        Files.write(filePath, fileContent);

@@ -113,7 +118,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    @Test
    void testRetrieveFile_FileNotFound() {
        // Arrange
-        String nonExistentFileId = "non-existent-file";
+        String nonExistentFileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        // Act & Assert
        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> fileStorage.retrieveFile(nonExistentFileId));
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    @Test
    void testRetrieveBytes_FileNotFound() {
        // Arrange
-        String nonExistentFileId = "non-existent-file";
+        String nonExistentFileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        // Act & Assert
        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> fileStorage.retrieveBytes(nonExistentFileId));
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    void testDeleteFile() throws IOException {
        // Arrange
        byte[] fileContent = "Test PDF content".getBytes();
-        String fileId = "test-file-3";
+        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = tempDir.resolve(fileId);
        Files.write(filePath, fileContent);

@@ -147,7 +152,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    @Test
    void testDeleteFile_FileNotFound() {
        // Arrange
-        String nonExistentFileId = "non-existent-file";
+        String nonExistentFileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        // Act
        boolean result = fileStorage.deleteFile(nonExistentFileId);
@@ -160,7 +165,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    void testFileExists() throws IOException {
        // Arrange
        byte[] fileContent = "Test PDF content".getBytes();
-        String fileId = "test-file-4";
+        String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        Path filePath = tempDir.resolve(fileId);
        Files.write(filePath, fileContent);

@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ class FileStorageTest {
    @Test
    void testFileExists_FileNotFound() {
        // Arrange
-        String nonExistentFileId = "non-existent-file";
+        String nonExistentFileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        // Act
        boolean result = fileStorage.fileExists(nonExistentFileId);
@@ -59,6 +59,53 @@ class InternalApiClientTest {
                servletContext, userService, tempFileManager, environment, applicationProperties);
    }

+    @Test
+    void postTagsRequestAsAutomation() throws Exception {
+        // Every InternalApiClient.post() caller is a parent automation flow dispatching a child
+        // tool (pipeline executor, AI workflow, policy runner). Tagging the sub-step here means
+        // the saas PaygChargeInterceptor classifies it as BillingCategory.AUTOMATION regardless of
+        // the dispatched controller's @RequiresFeature — so an AI-OCR step inside a policy run
+        // bills as AUTOMATION, not AI. The header value is the literal string "true" because the
+        // interceptor compares case-insensitively-trimmed against that token.
+        MultiValueMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
+        body.add("fileInput", namedResource("input.pdf", "data"));
+
+        Path tempPath = Files.createTempFile("internal-api-automation-test", ".tmp");
+        TempFile tempFile = mock(TempFile.class);
+        when(tempFile.getPath()).thenReturn(tempPath);
+        when(tempFile.getFile()).thenReturn(tempPath.toFile());
+        when(tempFileManager.createManagedTempFile("internal-api")).thenReturn(tempFile);
+
+        HttpHeaders[] captured = {null};
+
+        try (var ignored =
+                mockConstruction(
+                        RestTemplate.class,
+                        (rt, ctx) -> {
+                            when(rt.httpEntityCallback(any(), eq(Resource.class)))
+                                    .thenAnswer(
+                                            inv -> {
+                                                HttpEntity<?> entity = inv.getArgument(0);
+                                                captured[0] = entity.getHeaders();
+                                                return (RequestCallback) req -> {};
+                                            });
+                            when(rt.execute(anyString(), eq(HttpMethod.POST), any(), any()))
+                                    .thenAnswer(inv -> fakeOkResponse(inv.getArgument(3)));
+                        })) {
+
+            InternalApiClient mockedClient = newClient();
+            mockedClient.post("/api/v1/general/merge-pdfs", body);
+
+            assertNotNull(captured[0]);
+            assertEquals(
+                    "true",
+                    captured[0].getFirst(InternalApiClient.AUTOMATION_HEADER),
+                    "Sub-step dispatch must carry the automation marker header");
+        } finally {
+            Files.deleteIfExists(tempPath);
+        }
+    }
+
    @Test
    void postDoesNotForceContentType() throws Exception {
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+package stirling.software.common.service;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.springframework.mock.web.MockMultipartFile;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+import stirling.software.common.service.MobileScannerService.FileMetadata;
+import stirling.software.common.service.MobileScannerService.SessionInfo;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link MobileScannerService}. The service stores uploaded files in a temp
+ * directory. To keep tests isolated and deterministic, the {@code tempDirectory} field is
+ * redirected to a JUnit {@link TempDir} via reflection after construction.
+ */
+class MobileScannerServiceTest {
+
+    @TempDir Path tempDir;
+
+    private MobileScannerService service;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws IOException {
+        service = new MobileScannerService();
+        // Redirect the service's temp directory to the isolated test temp dir.
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "tempDirectory", tempDir);
+    }
+
+    private MultipartFile file(String name, String content) {
+        return new MockMultipartFile(
+                "file", name, "text/plain", content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    private MultipartFile emptyFile(String name) {
+        return new MockMultipartFile("file", name, "text/plain", new byte[0]);
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("createSession")
+    class CreateSession {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("creates a session and returns coherent SessionInfo")
+        void createsSession() {
+            SessionInfo info = service.createSession("abc-123");
+
+            assertNotNull(info);
+            assertEquals("abc-123", info.getSessionId());
+            assertTrue(info.getCreatedAt() > 0);
+            assertEquals(10 * 60 * 1000L, info.getTimeoutMs());
+            assertEquals(info.getCreatedAt() + info.getTimeoutMs(), info.getExpiresAt());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("session is retrievable via validateSession after creation")
+        void createdSessionIsValid() {
+            service.createSession("sess1");
+            assertNotNull(service.validateSession("sess1"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects null session ID")
+        void rejectsNull() {
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.createSession(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects blank session ID")
+        void rejectsBlank() {
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.createSession("   "));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects session ID with invalid characters")
+        void rejectsInvalidChars() {
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.createSession("bad/id"));
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.createSession("bad id"));
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.createSession("bad_id"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("accepts alphanumeric and hyphen session IDs")
+        void acceptsValidChars() {
+            assertNotNull(service.createSession("ABC-def-123"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("validateSession")
+    class ValidateSession {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for unknown session")
+        void unknownReturnsNull() {
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("does-not-exist"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns SessionInfo for an existing session")
+        void existingReturnsInfo() {
+            service.createSession("s1");
+            SessionInfo info = service.validateSession("s1");
+
+            assertNotNull(info);
+            assertEquals("s1", info.getSessionId());
+            assertEquals(10 * 60 * 1000L, info.getTimeoutMs());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("expires and removes a session whose last access is in the past")
+        void expiredSessionRemoved() {
+            service.createSession("expired");
+
+            // Force the underlying session's last access far into the past.
+            forceLastAccess("expired", System.currentTimeMillis() - (20 * 60 * 1000L));
+
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("expired"));
+            // After expiry the session should be gone entirely.
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("expired"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("uploadFiles")
+    class UploadFiles {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("stores files and records metadata")
+        void storesFiles() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up1");
+            service.uploadFiles("up1", List.of(file("scan.txt", "hello")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("up1");
+            assertEquals(1, metas.size());
+            FileMetadata meta = metas.get(0);
+            assertEquals("scan.txt", meta.getFilename());
+            assertEquals(5, meta.getSize());
+            assertEquals("text/plain", meta.getContentType());
+
+            // File physically exists on disk.
+            Path stored = tempDir.resolve("up1").resolve("scan.txt");
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(stored));
+            assertEquals("hello", Files.readString(stored));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("auto-creates a session when uploading to an unregistered session ID")
+        void autoCreatesSession() throws IOException {
+            service.uploadFiles("new-session", List.of(file("a.txt", "data")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("new-session");
+            assertEquals(1, metas.size());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("skips empty files")
+        void skipsEmptyFiles() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up2");
+            service.uploadFiles("up2", List.of(emptyFile("empty.txt"), file("real.txt", "x")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("up2");
+            assertEquals(1, metas.size());
+            assertEquals("real.txt", metas.get(0).getFilename());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("sanitizes dangerous filename characters")
+        void sanitizesFilename() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up3");
+            service.uploadFiles("up3", List.of(file("we ird@na#me.txt", "x")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("up3");
+            assertEquals(1, metas.size());
+            String stored = metas.get(0).getFilename();
+            // Disallowed chars replaced with underscores; allowed set is [a-zA-Z0-9._-].
+            assertTrue(stored.matches("[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+"), "unexpected filename: " + stored);
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("up3").resolve(stored)));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("handles duplicate filenames by appending a counter")
+        void handlesDuplicateFilenames() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up4");
+            service.uploadFiles("up4", List.of(file("dup.txt", "one")));
+            service.uploadFiles("up4", List.of(file("dup.txt", "two")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("up4");
+            assertEquals(2, metas.size());
+
+            Path original = tempDir.resolve("up4").resolve("dup.txt");
+            Path renamed = tempDir.resolve("up4").resolve("dup-1.txt");
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(original));
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(renamed));
+            assertEquals("one", Files.readString(original));
+            assertEquals("two", Files.readString(renamed));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("falls back to a generated name when original filename is null")
+        void generatesNameWhenNull() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up5");
+            MultipartFile noName =
+                    new MockMultipartFile("file", null, "text/plain", "x".getBytes());
+            service.uploadFiles("up5", List.of(noName));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> metas = service.getSessionFiles("up5");
+            assertEquals(1, metas.size());
+            assertTrue(metas.get(0).getFilename().startsWith("upload-"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects invalid session ID before any storage")
+        void rejectsInvalidSessionId() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> service.uploadFiles("bad/id", List.of(file("a.txt", "x"))));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("uploading an empty list leaves no files")
+        void emptyListNoFiles() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("up6");
+            service.uploadFiles("up6", List.of());
+
+            assertTrue(service.getSessionFiles("up6").isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getSessionFiles")
+    class GetSessionFiles {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns empty list for unknown session")
+        void unknownReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(service.getSessionFiles("nope").isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns a defensive copy of the metadata list")
+        void returnsDefensiveCopy() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("g1");
+            service.uploadFiles("g1", List.of(file("a.txt", "x")));
+
+            List<FileMetadata> first = service.getSessionFiles("g1");
+            first.clear();
+
+            // Mutating the returned list must not affect the service's internal state.
+            assertEquals(1, service.getSessionFiles("g1").size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getFile")
+    class GetFile {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns the path of an uploaded file")
+        void returnsPath() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("f1");
+            service.uploadFiles("f1", List.of(file("doc.txt", "body")));
+
+            Path path = service.getFile("f1", "doc.txt");
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(path));
+            assertEquals("body", Files.readString(path));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("throws when the session does not exist")
+        void unknownSessionThrows() {
+            IOException ex =
+                    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("ghost", "doc.txt"));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Session not found"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("throws when the file does not exist in an existing session")
+        void unknownFileThrows() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("f2");
+            service.uploadFiles("f2", List.of(file("present.txt", "x")));
+
+            IOException ex =
+                    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("f2", "missing.txt"));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("File not found"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects filenames containing path separators")
+        void rejectsPathSeparators() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("f3");
+            service.uploadFiles("f3", List.of(file("ok.txt", "x")));
+
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("f3", "../escape.txt"));
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("f3", "sub/file.txt"));
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("f3", "sub\\file.txt"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects blank filename")
+        void rejectsBlankFilename() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("f4");
+            service.uploadFiles("f4", List.of(file("ok.txt", "x")));
+
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> service.getFile("f4", "  "));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("deleteFileAfterDownload")
+    class DeleteFileAfterDownload {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("deletes a single file but keeps the session if others remain")
+        void deletesOneFile() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("d1");
+            service.uploadFiles("d1", List.of(file("a.txt", "x"), file("b.txt", "y")));
+
+            service.deleteFileAfterDownload("d1", "a.txt");
+
+            assertFalse(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("d1").resolve("a.txt")));
+            // Session still present because not all files have been downloaded.
+            assertNotNull(service.validateSession("d1"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("deletes the entire session once all files are marked downloaded")
+        void deletesSessionWhenAllDownloaded() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("d2");
+            service.uploadFiles("d2", List.of(file("only.txt", "x")));
+
+            // Mark the file as downloaded via getFile, then delete it.
+            service.getFile("d2", "only.txt");
+            service.deleteFileAfterDownload("d2", "only.txt");
+
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("d2"));
+            assertFalse(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("d2")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("does not throw for an unknown session")
+        void unknownSessionNoThrow() {
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> service.deleteFileAfterDownload("ghost", "a.txt"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("swallows invalid filename input without throwing")
+        void invalidFilenameNoThrow() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("d3");
+            service.uploadFiles("d3", List.of(file("a.txt", "x")));
+
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> service.deleteFileAfterDownload("d3", "../escape.txt"));
+            // Original file untouched.
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("d3").resolve("a.txt")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("deleteSession")
+    class DeleteSession {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("removes the session and all its files")
+        void removesSessionAndFiles() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("x1");
+            service.uploadFiles("x1", List.of(file("a.txt", "x"), file("b.txt", "y")));
+
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("x1")));
+
+            service.deleteSession("x1");
+
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("x1"));
+            assertFalse(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("x1")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("is a no-op for an unknown session")
+        void unknownSessionNoOp() {
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> service.deleteSession("never-existed"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("cleanupExpiredSessions")
+    class CleanupExpiredSessions {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("removes sessions past the timeout")
+        void removesExpired() throws IOException {
+            service.createSession("old");
+            service.uploadFiles("old", List.of(file("a.txt", "x")));
+            forceLastAccess("old", System.currentTimeMillis() - (20 * 60 * 1000L));
+
+            service.cleanupExpiredSessions();
+
+            assertNull(service.validateSession("old"));
+            assertFalse(Files.exists(tempDir.resolve("old")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("keeps sessions that are still fresh")
+        void keepsFresh() {
+            service.createSession("fresh");
+
+            service.cleanupExpiredSessions();
+
+            assertNotNull(service.validateSession("fresh"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("does not throw when there are no sessions")
+        void noSessionsNoThrow() {
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> service.cleanupExpiredSessions());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("SessionInfo accessors")
+    class SessionInfoAccessors {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("exposes all constructor values")
+        void exposesValues() {
+            SessionInfo info = new SessionInfo("id", 100L, 200L, 50L);
+            assertEquals("id", info.getSessionId());
+            assertEquals(100L, info.getCreatedAt());
+            assertEquals(200L, info.getExpiresAt());
+            assertEquals(50L, info.getTimeoutMs());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("FileMetadata accessors")
+    class FileMetadataAccessors {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("exposes all constructor values")
+        void exposesValues() {
+            FileMetadata meta = new FileMetadata("name.pdf", 1234L, "application/pdf");
+            assertEquals("name.pdf", meta.getFilename());
+            assertEquals(1234L, meta.getSize());
+            assertEquals("application/pdf", meta.getContentType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reaches into the internal SessionData for a given session and forces its lastAccessTime, used
+     * to deterministically simulate expiry without sleeping.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private void forceLastAccess(String sessionId, long lastAccessTime) {
+        java.util.Map<String, Object> sessions =
+                (java.util.Map<String, Object>)
+                        ReflectionTestUtils.getField(service, "activeSessions");
+        assertNotNull(sessions);
+        Object sessionData = sessions.get(sessionId);
+        assertNotNull(sessionData, "session not found: " + sessionId);
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(sessionData, "lastAccessTime", lastAccessTime);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+package stirling.software.common.service;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.lenient;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentInformation;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.Premium;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.Premium.ProFeatures;
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties.Premium.ProFeatures.CustomMetadata;
+import stirling.software.common.model.PdfMetadata;
+
+class PdfMetadataServiceTest {
+
+    private static final String LABEL = "Stirling-PDF v1.0.0";
+
+    /**
+     * Builds a service whose pro-features are disabled (real ApplicationProperties, all defaults).
+     */
+    private PdfMetadataService nonProService(UserServiceInterface userService) {
+        return new PdfMetadataService(new ApplicationProperties(), LABEL, false, userService);
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("toCalendar(ZonedDateTime)")
+    class ToCalendarTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for null input")
+        void nullReturnsNull() {
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.toCalendar(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("converts ZonedDateTime preserving the instant")
+        void convertsInstant() {
+            ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.of(2021, 6, 15, 10, 30, 45, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+            Calendar cal = PdfMetadataService.toCalendar(zdt);
+
+            assertNotNull(cal);
+            assertEquals(zdt.toInstant().toEpochMilli(), cal.getTimeInMillis());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("parseToCalendar(String)")
+    class ParseToCalendarTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for null input")
+        void nullReturnsNull() {
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for empty / blank input")
+        void blankReturnsNull() {
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar(""));
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar("   "));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns null for unparsable input")
+        void invalidReturnsNull() {
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar("not a date"));
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar("2021-06-15"));
+            assertNull(PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar("2021/13/40 99:99:99"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("parses a valid 'yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss' string")
+        void parsesValidDate() {
+            Calendar cal = PdfMetadataService.parseToCalendar("2021/06/15 10:30:45");
+            assertNotNull(cal);
+
+            // Build the expected instant the same way the implementation does so the
+            // assertion is independent of the JVM's default time zone.
+            long expectedMillis =
+                    LocalDateTime.of(2021, 6, 15, 10, 30, 45)
+                            .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
+                            .toInstant()
+                            .toEpochMilli();
+            assertEquals(expectedMillis, cal.getTimeInMillis());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("extractMetadataFromPdf(PDDocument)")
+    class ExtractMetadataTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns all-null fields for a fresh empty document")
+        void emptyDocumentYieldsNulls() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfMetadata md = service.extractMetadataFromPdf(doc);
+
+                assertNotNull(md);
+                assertNull(md.getAuthor());
+                assertNull(md.getProducer());
+                assertNull(md.getTitle());
+                assertNull(md.getCreator());
+                assertNull(md.getSubject());
+                assertNull(md.getKeywords());
+                assertNull(md.getCreationDate());
+                assertNull(md.getModificationDate());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("reads back string and date fields set on the document")
+        void readsBackPopulatedFields() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                info.setAuthor("Alice");
+                info.setProducer("ProducerX");
+                info.setTitle("My Title");
+                info.setCreator("CreatorY");
+                info.setSubject("Subject Z");
+                info.setKeywords("k1, k2");
+
+                Calendar creation = Calendar.getInstance();
+                creation.setTimeInMillis(1_600_000_000_000L);
+                Calendar modification = Calendar.getInstance();
+                modification.setTimeInMillis(1_700_000_000_000L);
+                info.setCreationDate(creation);
+                info.setModificationDate(modification);
+
+                PdfMetadata md = service.extractMetadataFromPdf(doc);
+
+                assertEquals("Alice", md.getAuthor());
+                assertEquals("ProducerX", md.getProducer());
+                assertEquals("My Title", md.getTitle());
+                assertEquals("CreatorY", md.getCreator());
+                assertEquals("Subject Z", md.getSubject());
+                assertEquals("k1, k2", md.getKeywords());
+
+                assertNotNull(md.getCreationDate());
+                assertNotNull(md.getModificationDate());
+                assertEquals(1_600_000_000_000L, md.getCreationDate().toInstant().toEpochMilli());
+                assertEquals(
+                        1_700_000_000_000L, md.getModificationDate().toInstant().toEpochMilli());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("setMetadataToPdf / setDefaultMetadata (non-pro path)")
+    class SetMetadataNonProTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("writes producer label, title, subject, keywords and author from metadata")
+        void writesCommonMetadata() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            PdfMetadata md =
+                    PdfMetadata.builder()
+                            .author("Bob")
+                            .title("Doc Title")
+                            .subject("Doc Subject")
+                            .keywords("a, b, c")
+                            .creationDate(
+                                    ZonedDateTime.of(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC")))
+                            .modificationDate(
+                                    ZonedDateTime.of(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC")))
+                            .build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md);
+
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getProducer());
+                assertEquals("Doc Title", info.getTitle());
+                assertEquals("Doc Subject", info.getSubject());
+                assertEquals("a, b, c", info.getKeywords());
+                // Non-pro: author is taken verbatim from the metadata.
+                assertEquals("Bob", info.getAuthor());
+                assertNotNull(info.getModificationDate());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("existing creation date is left untouched when not newly created")
+        void keepsExistingCreationDate() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            ZonedDateTime creation = ZonedDateTime.of(2019, 5, 20, 8, 15, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").creationDate(creation).build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md);
+
+                Calendar creationCal = doc.getDocumentInformation().getCreationDate();
+                // creationDate is non-null and newlyCreated=false, so setNewDocumentMetadata
+                // is skipped and no creation date is written.
+                assertNull(creationCal);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("sets a fresh creation date when metadata has none")
+        void setsCreationDateWhenMissing() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md);
+
+                Calendar creationCal = doc.getDocumentInformation().getCreationDate();
+                assertNotNull(creationCal);
+                // Non-pro path writes the Stirling label as the creator.
+                assertEquals(LABEL, doc.getDocumentInformation().getCreator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("newlyCreated=true forces a fresh creation date even if metadata has one")
+        void newlyCreatedForcesCreationDate() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            ZonedDateTime creation = ZonedDateTime.of(2018, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").creationDate(creation).build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                Calendar creationCal = doc.getDocumentInformation().getCreationDate();
+                assertNotNull(creationCal);
+                // The supplied creation date must have been honoured (not "now").
+                assertEquals(creation.toInstant().toEpochMilli(), creationCal.getTimeInMillis());
+                assertEquals(LABEL, doc.getDocumentInformation().getCreator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName(
+                "setDefaultMetadata round-trips existing document info through the producer label")
+        void setDefaultMetadataRewritesProducer() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                info.setTitle("Original Title");
+                info.setAuthor("Original Author");
+                info.setProducer("Some Other Producer");
+
+                service.setDefaultMetadata(doc);
+
+                // extract + re-apply keeps title/author but rewrites producer to the label.
+                assertEquals("Original Title", info.getTitle());
+                assertEquals("Original Author", info.getAuthor());
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getProducer());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null string fields in metadata are written through without error")
+        void handlesNullStringFields() throws Exception {
+            PdfMetadataService service = nonProService(null);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getProducer());
+                assertNull(info.getTitle());
+                assertNull(info.getSubject());
+                assertNull(info.getKeywords());
+                assertNull(info.getAuthor());
+                // newlyCreated=true always stamps a creation date.
+                assertNotNull(info.getCreationDate());
+                assertNotNull(info.getModificationDate());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("setMetadataToPdf (pro path with custom metadata)")
+    class SetMetadataProTests {
+
+        private ApplicationProperties propsWithCustomMetadata(
+                boolean autoUpdate, String author, String creator) {
+            ApplicationProperties props = mock(ApplicationProperties.class);
+            Premium premium = mock(Premium.class);
+            ProFeatures proFeatures = mock(ProFeatures.class);
+            CustomMetadata customMetadata = mock(CustomMetadata.class);
+
+            lenient().when(props.getPremium()).thenReturn(premium);
+            lenient().when(premium.getProFeatures()).thenReturn(proFeatures);
+            lenient().when(proFeatures.getCustomMetadata()).thenReturn(customMetadata);
+            lenient().when(customMetadata.isAutoUpdateMetadata()).thenReturn(autoUpdate);
+            lenient().when(customMetadata.getAuthor()).thenReturn(author);
+            lenient().when(customMetadata.getCreator()).thenReturn(creator);
+            return props;
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("uses custom author and creator when pro and auto-update enabled")
+        void appliesCustomAuthorAndCreator() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props =
+                    propsWithCustomMetadata(true, "Custom Author", "Custom Creator");
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, true, null);
+
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().author("Ignored").title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                assertEquals("Custom Author", info.getAuthor());
+                assertEquals("Custom Creator", info.getCreator());
+                // Producer is set to the label by both setNewDocumentMetadata and
+                // setCommonMetadata.
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getProducer());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("replaces 'username' token with the current user when userService present")
+        void replacesUsernameToken() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props =
+                    propsWithCustomMetadata(true, "Report by username", "Creator");
+            UserServiceInterface userService = mock(UserServiceInterface.class);
+            when(userService.getCurrentUsername()).thenReturn("alice");
+
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, true, userService);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                assertEquals("Report by alice", doc.getDocumentInformation().getAuthor());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("leaves 'username' token intact when current user is null")
+        void keepsTokenWhenUsernameNull() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props =
+                    propsWithCustomMetadata(true, "Report by username", "Creator");
+            UserServiceInterface userService = mock(UserServiceInterface.class);
+            when(userService.getCurrentUsername()).thenReturn(null);
+
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, true, userService);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                assertEquals("Report by username", doc.getDocumentInformation().getAuthor());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("custom author applied even without a userService")
+        void appliesCustomAuthorWithoutUserService() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props = propsWithCustomMetadata(true, "Static Author", "Creator");
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, true, null);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                assertEquals("Static Author", doc.getDocumentInformation().getAuthor());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("pro flag without auto-update keeps metadata author and label creator")
+        void proButAutoUpdateDisabledUsesMetadata() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props =
+                    propsWithCustomMetadata(false, "Custom Author", "Custom Creator");
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, true, null);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().author("Metadata Author").title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                assertEquals("Metadata Author", info.getAuthor());
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getCreator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("auto-update enabled but not pro keeps metadata author and label creator")
+        void autoUpdateButNotProUsesMetadata() throws Exception {
+            ApplicationProperties props =
+                    propsWithCustomMetadata(true, "Custom Author", "Custom Creator");
+            PdfMetadataService service = new PdfMetadataService(props, LABEL, false, null);
+            PdfMetadata md = PdfMetadata.builder().author("Metadata Author").title("T").build();
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                service.setMetadataToPdf(doc, md, true);
+
+                PDDocumentInformation info = doc.getDocumentInformation();
+                assertEquals("Metadata Author", info.getAuthor());
+                assertEquals(LABEL, info.getCreator());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+package stirling.software.common.service;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoSettings;
+import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
+import org.springframework.mock.env.MockEnvironment;
+
+import com.posthog.java.PostHog;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+@MockitoSettings(strictness = Strictness.LENIENT)
+class PostHogServiceTest {
+
+    private static final String UUID = "test-uuid-1234";
+    private static final String APP_VERSION = "9.9.9";
+
+    @Mock PostHog postHog;
+    @Mock UserServiceInterface userService;
+
+    /** Build an ApplicationProperties with analytics/posthog toggled. */
+    private ApplicationProperties props(boolean analyticsEnabled) {
+        ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+        appProps.getSystem().setEnableAnalytics(analyticsEnabled);
+        return appProps;
+    }
+
+    /** Construct the service under test. */
+    private PostHogService newService(
+            ApplicationProperties appProps,
+            UserServiceInterface user,
+            boolean configDirMounted,
+            MockEnvironment env) {
+        return new PostHogService(
+                postHog, UUID, configDirMounted, APP_VERSION, appProps, user, env);
+    }
+
+    private MockEnvironment env() {
+        return new MockEnvironment();
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Constructor / captureSystemInfo")
+    class ConstructorBehavior {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor captures system_info when posthog is enabled")
+        void constructorCapturesWhenEnabled() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+
+            newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+
+            verify(postHog).capture(eq(UUID), eq("system_info_captured"), anyMap());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor does not capture when analytics disabled")
+        void constructorNoCaptureWhenDisabled() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(false);
+
+            newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+
+            verify(postHog, never()).capture(anyString(), anyString(), anyMap());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor does not capture when posthog explicitly disabled")
+        void constructorNoCaptureWhenPosthogOff() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+            appProps.getSystem().setEnablePosthog(false);
+
+            newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+
+            verify(postHog, never()).capture(anyString(), anyString(), anyMap());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor swallows exceptions thrown by postHog.capture")
+        void constructorSwallowsCaptureException() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+            doThrow(new RuntimeException("boom"))
+                    .when(postHog)
+                    .capture(anyString(), anyString(), anyMap());
+
+            // Must not propagate; constructor wraps capture in try/catch.
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> newService(appProps, userService, false, env()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor works with null userService (optional dependency)")
+        void constructorWithNullUserService() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> newService(appProps, null, false, env()));
+            verify(postHog).capture(eq(UUID), eq("system_info_captured"), anyMap());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("captureEvent")
+    class CaptureEvent {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("captureEvent forwards to postHog when enabled and injects app_version")
+        void captureEventWhenEnabled() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+            PostHogService service = newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+            // Reset the constructor's capture so we only assert on captureEvent.
+            clearInvocations(postHog);
+
+            Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+            properties.put("foo", "bar");
+            service.captureEvent("my_event", properties);
+
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            ArgumentCaptor<Map<String, Object>> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Map.class);
+            verify(postHog).capture(eq(UUID), eq("my_event"), captor.capture());
+            Map<String, Object> sent = captor.getValue();
+            assertEquals("bar", sent.get("foo"));
+            assertEquals(APP_VERSION, sent.get("app_version"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("captureEvent is a no-op when analytics disabled")
+        void captureEventWhenDisabled() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(false);
+            PostHogService service = newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+            clearInvocations(postHog);
+
+            Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+            service.captureEvent("my_event", properties);
+
+            verify(postHog, never()).capture(anyString(), anyString(), anyMap());
+            // app_version must not be added when disabled (early return).
+            assertFalse(properties.containsKey("app_version"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("captureEvent adds app_version key to the provided map")
+        void captureEventMutatesMap() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = props(true);
+            PostHogService service = newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+            clearInvocations(postHog);
+
+            Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+            service.captureEvent("evt", properties);
+
+            assertTrue(properties.containsKey("app_version"));
+            assertEquals(APP_VERSION, properties.get("app_version"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("captureServerMetrics")
+    class CaptureServerMetrics {
+
+        private PostHogService disabledService() {
+            // Keep posthog disabled so the constructor performs no capture; metrics
+            // methods are independent of the enabled flag.
+            return newService(props(false), userService, true, env());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("includes core application and system metrics")
+        void includesCoreMetrics() {
+            PostHogService service = disabledService();
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertEquals(APP_VERSION, metrics.get("app_version"));
+            assertEquals(true, metrics.get("mounted_config_dir"));
+            assertNotNull(metrics.get("os_name"));
+            assertNotNull(metrics.get("java_version"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("cpu_cores"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("total_memory"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("free_memory"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("process_id"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("jvm_uptime_ms"));
+            assertTrue(metrics.containsKey("thread_count"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("deployment_type defaults to JAR when not docker/exe")
+        void deploymentTypeJar() {
+            PostHogService service = disabledService();
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            // In the unit-test environment there is no /.dockerenv and no BROWSER_OPEN.
+            assertEquals("JAR", metrics.get("deployment_type"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("deployment_type becomes EXE when BROWSER_OPEN=true")
+        void deploymentTypeExe() {
+            MockEnvironment environment = env();
+            environment.setProperty("BROWSER_OPEN", "true");
+            PostHogService service = newService(props(false), userService, false, environment);
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertEquals("EXE", metrics.get("deployment_type"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("BROWSER_OPEN matching is case-insensitive")
+        void deploymentTypeExeCaseInsensitive() {
+            MockEnvironment environment = env();
+            environment.setProperty("BROWSER_OPEN", "TRUE");
+            PostHogService service = newService(props(false), userService, false, environment);
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertEquals("EXE", metrics.get("deployment_type"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("mounted_config_dir reflects the configDirMounted flag")
+        void mountedConfigDirFalse() {
+            PostHogService service = newService(props(false), userService, false, env());
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertEquals(false, metrics.get("mounted_config_dir"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("includes total_users_created when userService present")
+        void includesUserCountWhenUserServicePresent() {
+            when(userService.getTotalUsersCount()).thenReturn(42L);
+            PostHogService service = newService(props(false), userService, false, env());
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertEquals(42L, metrics.get("total_users_created"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("omits total_users_created when userService is null")
+        void omitsUserCountWhenUserServiceNull() {
+            PostHogService service = newService(props(false), null, false, env());
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertFalse(metrics.containsKey("total_users_created"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("always embeds nested application_properties map")
+        void embedsApplicationProperties() {
+            PostHogService service = disabledService();
+
+            Map<String, Object> metrics = service.captureServerMetrics();
+
+            assertTrue(metrics.get("application_properties") instanceof Map);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("captureApplicationProperties")
+    class CaptureApplicationProperties {
+
+        private PostHogService serviceWith(ApplicationProperties appProps) {
+            // Disable analytics to keep the constructor from capturing.
+            appProps.getSystem().setEnableAnalytics(false);
+            return newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("includes blank-trimmed legal strings only when non-empty")
+        void legalPropertiesFiltered() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getLegal().setTermsAndConditions("  https://terms  ");
+            appProps.getLegal().setPrivacyPolicy(""); // blank -> skipped
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            // String values are trimmed by addIfNotEmpty.
+            assertEquals("https://terms", p.get("legal_termsAndConditions"));
+            assertFalse(p.containsKey("legal_privacyPolicy"));
+            assertFalse(p.containsKey("legal_accessibilityStatement"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("always reports csrfDisabled true and login booleans")
+        void securityProperties() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getSecurity().setEnableLogin(true);
+            appProps.getSecurity().setLoginAttemptCount(5);
+            appProps.getSecurity().setLoginResetTimeMinutes(10);
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("security_csrfDisabled"));
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("security_enableLogin"));
+            assertEquals(5, p.get("security_loginAttemptCount"));
+            assertEquals(10L, p.get("security_loginResetTimeMinutes"));
+            assertEquals("all", p.get("security_loginMethod"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("oauth2 nested fields are omitted when oauth2 disabled")
+        void oauth2DisabledOmitsNested() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            // oauth2.enabled defaults to false.
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(false, p.get("security_oauth2_enabled"));
+            assertFalse(p.containsKey("security_oauth2_autoCreateUser"));
+            assertFalse(p.containsKey("security_oauth2_provider"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("oauth2 nested fields are included when oauth2 enabled")
+        void oauth2EnabledIncludesNested() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getSecurity().getOauth2().setEnabled(true);
+            appProps.getSecurity().getOauth2().setAutoCreateUser(true);
+            appProps.getSecurity().getOauth2().setBlockRegistration(false);
+            appProps.getSecurity().getOauth2().setUseAsUsername("email");
+            appProps.getSecurity().getOauth2().setProvider("google");
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("security_oauth2_enabled"));
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("security_oauth2_autoCreateUser"));
+            assertEquals(false, p.get("security_oauth2_blockRegistration"));
+            assertEquals("email", p.get("security_oauth2_useAsUsername"));
+            assertEquals("google", p.get("security_oauth2_provider"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("system analytics/posthog/scarf booleans are reported")
+        void systemAnalyticsBooleans() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getSystem().setEnableAnalytics(true);
+            appProps.getSystem().setEnablePosthog(true);
+            appProps.getSystem().setEnableScarf(false);
+            appProps.getSystem().setDefaultLocale("en-US");
+            PostHogService service = newService(appProps, userService, false, env());
+            // Constructor will capture once because analytics is enabled; that's fine.
+            clearInvocations(postHog);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals("en-US", p.get("system_defaultLocale"));
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("system_enableAnalytics"));
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("system_enablePosthog"));
+            // isScarfEnabled() is false because enableScarf is false.
+            assertEquals(false, p.get("system_enableScarf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("metrics_enabled and autoPipeline output folder included appropriately")
+        void metricsAndAutoPipeline() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getMetrics().setEnabled(true);
+            appProps.getAutoPipeline().setOutputFolder("/tmp/out");
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("metrics_enabled"));
+            assertEquals("/tmp/out", p.get("autoPipeline_outputFolder"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("enterprise metadata flag omitted when premium disabled")
+        void premiumDisabledOmitsMetadata() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            // premium.enabled defaults to false.
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(false, p.get("enterpriseEdition_enabled"));
+            assertFalse(p.containsKey("enterpriseEdition_customMetadata_autoUpdateMetadata"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("enterprise metadata flag included when premium enabled")
+        void premiumEnabledIncludesMetadata() {
+            ApplicationProperties appProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            appProps.getPremium().setEnabled(true);
+            appProps.getPremium().getProFeatures().getCustomMetadata().setAutoUpdateMetadata(true);
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(appProps);
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("enterpriseEdition_enabled"));
+            assertEquals(true, p.get("enterpriseEdition_customMetadata_autoUpdateMetadata"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ui appNameNavbar omitted when blank, included when set")
+        void uiAppNameNavbar() {
+            ApplicationProperties blankProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            // appNameNavbar getter returns null for blank/empty values.
+            PostHogService blankService = serviceWith(blankProps);
+            Map<String, Object> blank = blankService.captureApplicationProperties();
+            assertFalse(blank.containsKey("ui_appNameNavbar"));
+
+            ApplicationProperties namedProps = new ApplicationProperties();
+            namedProps.getUi().setAppNameNavbar("My App");
+            PostHogService namedService = serviceWith(namedProps);
+            Map<String, Object> named = namedService.captureApplicationProperties();
+            assertEquals("My App", named.get("ui_appNameNavbar"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns a non-null map for a fresh ApplicationProperties")
+        void defaultsProduceNonNullMap() {
+            PostHogService service = serviceWith(new ApplicationProperties());
+
+            Map<String, Object> p = service.captureApplicationProperties();
+
+            assertNotNull(p);
+            // csrfDisabled is always added regardless of config, so map is never empty.
+            assertTrue(p.containsKey("security_csrfDisabled"));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mockStatic;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.MockedStatic;
+
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.BaseAppException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.CbrFormatException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.CbzFormatException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.EmlFormatException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.ErrorCode;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.FfmpegRequiredException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.GhostscriptException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.OutOfMemoryDpiException;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils.PdfCorruptedException;
+
+/**
+ * Additional gap-filling unit tests for {@link ExceptionUtils}, covering areas not exercised by
+ * {@code ExceptionUtilsTest}: CBR/CBZ/EML factories, error-code hint/action lookups, rendering
+ * dimension validation, OOM rendering wrappers, Ghostscript output analysis, and wrapException.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@code messages} ResourceBundle is not on the common module test classpath, so {@link
+ * ExceptionUtils} falls back to the default messages baked into {@link ErrorCode}. Assertions here
+ * rely only on those default messages and on deterministic structural behavior.
+ */
+class ExceptionUtilsGapTest {
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("ErrorCode enum metadata")
+    class ErrorCodeMetadataTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("each error code exposes code, message key and default message")
+        void allErrorCodesHaveMetadata() {
+            for (ErrorCode code : ErrorCode.values()) {
+                assertNotNull(code.getCode(), "code for " + code);
+                assertTrue(code.getCode().startsWith("E"), "code prefix for " + code);
+                assertNotNull(code.getMessageKey(), "messageKey for " + code);
+                assertNotNull(code.getDefaultMessage(), "defaultMessage for " + code);
+                assertFalse(code.getDefaultMessage().isEmpty(), "defaultMessage empty for " + code);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("known error codes map to expected identifiers")
+        void knownErrorCodeIdentifiers() {
+            assertEquals("E001", ErrorCode.PDF_CORRUPTED.getCode());
+            assertEquals("E081", ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY_DPI.getCode());
+            assertEquals("error.pdfCorrupted", ErrorCode.PDF_CORRUPTED.getMessageKey());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Hints and action lookups via resource bundle")
+    class HintAndActionTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getHintsForErrorCode returns empty list for null code")
+        void hintsNullCode() {
+            assertEquals(List.of(), ExceptionUtils.getHintsForErrorCode(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getHintsForErrorCode returns empty list when no hints exist in bundle")
+        void hintsMissingFromBundle() {
+            // Fallback empty bundle has no hint keys, so the result is an empty list.
+            List<String> hints = ExceptionUtils.getHintsForErrorCode("E001");
+            assertNotNull(hints);
+            assertTrue(hints.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getActionRequiredForErrorCode returns null for null code")
+        void actionNullCode() {
+            assertNull(ExceptionUtils.getActionRequiredForErrorCode(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getActionRequiredForErrorCode returns null when key absent from bundle")
+        void actionMissingFromBundle() {
+            assertNull(ExceptionUtils.getActionRequiredForErrorCode("E001"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("CBR format exception factories")
+    class CbrFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid format uses provided message when non-null")
+        void cbrInvalidFormatWithMessage() {
+            CbrFormatException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createCbrInvalidFormatException("custom cbr msg");
+            assertEquals("custom cbr msg", ex.getMessage());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBR_INVALID_FORMAT.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid format falls back to default message when null")
+        void cbrInvalidFormatNullMessage() {
+            CbrFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createCbrInvalidFormatException(null);
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("CBR/RAR archive"));
+            assertEquals("E010", ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("encrypted CBR reuses invalid-format code")
+        void cbrEncrypted() {
+            CbrFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createCbrEncryptedException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBR_INVALID_FORMAT.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("no images and corrupted images both map to CBR_NO_IMAGES")
+        void cbrNoImages() {
+            CbrFormatException noImages = ExceptionUtils.createCbrNoImagesException();
+            CbrFormatException corrupted = ExceptionUtils.createCbrCorruptedImagesException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBR_NO_IMAGES.getCode(), noImages.getErrorCode());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBR_NO_IMAGES.getCode(), corrupted.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(noImages.getMessage().contains("No valid images"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("not-a-CBR file uses CBR_NOT_CBR code")
+        void notCbr() {
+            CbrFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createNotCbrFileException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBR_NOT_CBR.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("CBR or RAR"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName(
+                "CbrFormatException is an IllegalArgumentException via BaseValidationException")
+        void cbrIsIllegalArgument() {
+            CbrFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createNotCbrFileException();
+            assertInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("CBZ format exception factories")
+    class CbzFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid format wraps cause and uses CBZ_INVALID_FORMAT code")
+        void cbzInvalidFormat() {
+            Exception cause = new Exception("zip boom");
+            CbzFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createCbzInvalidFormatException(cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBZ_INVALID_FORMAT.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("CBZ/ZIP archive"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty CBZ reuses invalid-format code")
+        void cbzEmpty() {
+            CbzFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createCbzEmptyException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBZ_INVALID_FORMAT.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("no images and corrupted images both map to CBZ_NO_IMAGES")
+        void cbzNoImages() {
+            CbzFormatException noImages = ExceptionUtils.createCbzNoImagesException();
+            CbzFormatException corrupted = ExceptionUtils.createCbzCorruptedImagesException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBZ_NO_IMAGES.getCode(), noImages.getErrorCode());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBZ_NO_IMAGES.getCode(), corrupted.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("not-a-CBZ file uses CBZ_NOT_CBZ code")
+        void notCbz() {
+            CbzFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createNotCbzFileException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.CBZ_NOT_CBZ.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("CBZ or ZIP"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("EML format exception factories")
+    class EmlFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty EML uses EML_EMPTY code")
+        void emlEmpty() {
+            EmlFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createEmlEmptyException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.EML_EMPTY.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("EML file is empty"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid EML uses EML_INVALID_FORMAT code")
+        void emlInvalid() {
+            EmlFormatException ex = ExceptionUtils.createEmlInvalidFormatException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.EML_INVALID_FORMAT.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Invalid EML"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Image, OCR and processing factories")
+    class ImageOcrProcessingTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("image read exception embeds filename and has no cause")
+        void imageRead() {
+            IOException ex = ExceptionUtils.createImageReadException("photo.png");
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("photo.png"));
+            assertNull(ex.getCause());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("image read exception rejects null filename")
+        void imageReadNullFilename() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createImageReadException(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ocr invalid render type uses default message")
+        void ocrInvalidRenderType() {
+            IOException ex = ExceptionUtils.createOcrInvalidRenderTypeException();
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("hocr"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ocr processing failed includes return code")
+        void ocrProcessingFailed() {
+            IOException ex = ExceptionUtils.createOcrProcessingFailedException(7);
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("7"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("processing interrupted wraps the InterruptedException cause")
+        void processingInterrupted() {
+            InterruptedException cause = new InterruptedException("stop");
+            IOException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createProcessingInterruptedException("compression", cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("compression"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("processing interrupted rejects null arguments")
+        void processingInterruptedNullArgs() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () ->
+                            ExceptionUtils.createProcessingInterruptedException(
+                                    null, new InterruptedException()));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createProcessingInterruptedException("x", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ghostscript conversion exception embeds output type")
+        void ghostscriptConversion() {
+            IOException ex = ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptConversionException("png");
+            assertNotNull(ex.getMessage());
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptConversionException(null));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Validation factories: page size, file, ffmpeg")
+    class ValidationFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid page size rejects null size")
+        void invalidPageSizeNull() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createInvalidPageSizeException(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("file null-or-empty uses FILE_NULL_OR_EMPTY default message")
+        void fileNullOrEmpty() {
+            IllegalArgumentException ex = ExceptionUtils.createFileNullOrEmptyException();
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("null or empty"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("file no-name uses FILE_NO_NAME default message")
+        void fileNoName() {
+            IllegalArgumentException ex = ExceptionUtils.createFileNoNameException();
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("must have a name"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("pdf no-pages uses PDF_NO_PAGES default message")
+        void pdfNoPages() {
+            IllegalArgumentException ex = ExceptionUtils.createPdfNoPages();
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("no pages"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ffmpeg required exception exposes FFMPEG_REQUIRED code and null cause")
+        void ffmpegRequired() {
+            FfmpegRequiredException ex = ExceptionUtils.createFfmpegRequiredException();
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.FFMPEG_REQUIRED.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertNull(ex.getCause());
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("FFmpeg"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("ErrorCode-based argument and IO factories")
+    class ErrorCodeArgFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createIllegalArgumentException(ErrorCode, args) formats default message")
+        void illegalArgumentFromErrorCode() {
+            IllegalArgumentException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createIllegalArgumentException(
+                            ErrorCode.INVALID_PAGE_SIZE, "B7");
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("B7"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createIllegalArgumentException rejects null ErrorCode")
+        void illegalArgumentFromNullErrorCode() {
+            ErrorCode nullCode = null;
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createIllegalArgumentException(nullCode));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createFileProcessingException rejects null operation and cause")
+        void fileProcessingNullArgs() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createFileProcessingException(null, new Exception()));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createFileProcessingException("op", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createInvalidArgumentException rejects null name or value")
+        void invalidArgumentNullArgs() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createInvalidArgumentException(null, "v"));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createInvalidArgumentException("n", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createNullArgumentException rejects null argument name")
+        void nullArgumentNullName() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createNullArgumentException(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createIOException without cause leaves cause null")
+        void ioExceptionWithoutCause() {
+            IOException ex = ExceptionUtils.createIOException("key", "msg {0}", null, "A");
+            assertEquals("msg A", ex.getMessage());
+            assertNull(ex.getCause());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createRuntimeException without cause leaves cause null")
+        void runtimeExceptionWithoutCause() {
+            RuntimeException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createRuntimeException("key", "msg {0}", null, "B");
+            assertEquals("msg B", ex.getMessage());
+            assertNull(ex.getCause());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("createPdfCorruptedException null-cause handling")
+    class PdfCorruptedCauseTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects null cause")
+        void nullCause() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createPdfCorruptedException("ctx", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty context behaves like no context")
+        void emptyContext() {
+            PdfCorruptedException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createPdfCorruptedException("", new Exception("x"));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("PDF file appears to be corrupted"));
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.PDF_CORRUPTED.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("validateRenderingDimensions")
+    class ValidateRenderingDimensionsTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null page is a no-op")
+        void nullPage() {
+            // Should simply return without throwing.
+            org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow(
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.validateRenderingDimensions(null, 1, 300));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("normal letter-size page at 150 DPI passes validation")
+        void normalPagePasses() {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.LETTER);
+            org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow(
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.validateRenderingDimensions(page, 1, 150));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page with zero DPI yields zero pixels and passes")
+        void zeroDpiPasses() {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4);
+            org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow(
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.validateRenderingDimensions(page, 2, 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("handleOomRendering wrappers")
+    class HandleOomRenderingTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns operation result on success (with page number)")
+        void successWithPage() throws IOException {
+            String result = ExceptionUtils.handleOomRendering(3, 300, () -> "ok");
+            assertEquals("ok", result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns operation result on success (no page number)")
+        void successNoPage() throws IOException {
+            String result = ExceptionUtils.handleOomRendering(300, () -> "fine");
+            assertEquals("fine", result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("propagates IOException from the operation unchanged")
+        void propagatesIoException() {
+            IOException boom = new IOException("io boom");
+            IOException thrown =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            IOException.class,
+                            () ->
+                                    ExceptionUtils.handleOomRendering(
+                                            1,
+                                            300,
+                                            () -> {
+                                                throw boom;
+                                            }));
+            assertSame(boom, thrown);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("converts OutOfMemoryError to OutOfMemoryDpiException (with page)")
+        void oomToDpiExceptionWithPage() {
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException thrown =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            OutOfMemoryDpiException.class,
+                            () ->
+                                    ExceptionUtils.handleOomRendering(
+                                            5,
+                                            300,
+                                            () -> {
+                                                throw new OutOfMemoryError("heap");
+                                            }));
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY_DPI.getCode(), thrown.getErrorCode());
+            assertInstanceOf(OutOfMemoryError.class, thrown.getCause());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("converts NegativeArraySizeException to OutOfMemoryDpiException (no page)")
+        void negativeArraySizeToDpiExceptionNoPage() {
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException thrown =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            OutOfMemoryDpiException.class,
+                            () ->
+                                    ExceptionUtils.handleOomRendering(
+                                            300,
+                                            () -> {
+                                                throw new NegativeArraySizeException("-1");
+                                            }));
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY_DPI.getCode(), thrown.getErrorCode());
+            assertInstanceOf(NegativeArraySizeException.class, thrown.getCause());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("createOutOfMemoryDpiException overloads")
+    class OutOfMemoryDpiFactoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page + dpi + Throwable wraps cause and sets code")
+        void pageDpiThrowable() {
+            Throwable cause = new IllegalStateException("too big");
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createOutOfMemoryDpiException(4, 600, cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY_DPI.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("page + dpi + OutOfMemoryError overload wraps the error")
+        void pageDpiOomError() {
+            OutOfMemoryError cause = new OutOfMemoryError("oom");
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createOutOfMemoryDpiException(2, 300, cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("dpi + Throwable overload wraps cause")
+        void dpiThrowable() {
+            Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("x");
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException ex = ExceptionUtils.createOutOfMemoryDpiException(300, cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY_DPI.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("dpi + OutOfMemoryError overload wraps the error")
+        void dpiOomError() {
+            OutOfMemoryError cause = new OutOfMemoryError("oom");
+            OutOfMemoryDpiException ex = ExceptionUtils.createOutOfMemoryDpiException(300, cause);
+            assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects null cause")
+        void nullCause() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createOutOfMemoryDpiException(1, 300, (Throwable) null));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Ghostscript output analysis")
+    class GhostscriptAnalysisTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null/blank output produces generic compression exception")
+        void blankOutput() {
+            GhostscriptException ex = ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException("   ");
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_COMPRESSION.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("recognized page drawing error yields page-drawing error code")
+        void pageDrawingError() {
+            String output = "Page 3\nERROR: page drawing error encountered while processing";
+            GhostscriptException ex = ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException(output);
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_PAGE_DRAWING.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("non-page-drawing output falls back to compression error code")
+        void unrecognizedOutput() {
+            String output = "Some random ghostscript chatter that is not an error marker";
+            GhostscriptException ex = ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException(output);
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_COMPRESSION.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("detectGhostscriptCriticalError returns exception only for critical output")
+        void detectCritical() {
+            GhostscriptException critical =
+                    ExceptionUtils.detectGhostscriptCriticalError(
+                            "Page 1\ncould not draw this page");
+            assertNotNull(critical);
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_PAGE_DRAWING.getCode(), critical.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("detectGhostscriptCriticalError returns null for non-critical output")
+        void detectNonCritical() {
+            assertNull(ExceptionUtils.detectGhostscriptCriticalError("just informational output"));
+            assertNull(ExceptionUtils.detectGhostscriptCriticalError(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("compression exception derived from cause message")
+        void compressionFromCauseMessage() {
+            GhostscriptException ex =
+                    ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException(
+                            new Exception("Page 2\npage drawing error"));
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_PAGE_DRAWING.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createGhostscriptCompressionException rejects null cause overload")
+        void compressionNullCause() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException((Exception) null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("multiple affected pages are summarized in the message")
+        void multiplePages() {
+            String output = "Page 1\npage drawing error\nPage 2\ncould not draw this page";
+            GhostscriptException ex = ExceptionUtils.createGhostscriptCompressionException(output);
+            assertEquals(ErrorCode.GHOSTSCRIPT_PAGE_DRAWING.getCode(), ex.getErrorCode());
+            assertNotNull(ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("wrapException")
+    class WrapExceptionTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("RuntimeException is returned unchanged")
+        void runtimePassthrough() {
+            RuntimeException original = new IllegalStateException("boom");
+            RuntimeException wrapped = ExceptionUtils.wrapException(original, "merge");
+            assertSame(original, wrapped);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("BaseAppException (IOException subtype) is wrapped in a RuntimeException")
+        void baseAppExceptionWrapped() {
+            // A corrupted-pdf IOException triggers handlePdfException -> PdfCorruptedException.
+            IOException corrupted = new IOException("Invalid PDF");
+            try (MockedStatic<PdfErrorUtils> mock = mockStatic(PdfErrorUtils.class)) {
+                mock.when(() -> PdfErrorUtils.isCorruptedPdfError(corrupted)).thenReturn(true);
+                RuntimeException wrapped = ExceptionUtils.wrapException(corrupted, "merge");
+                assertInstanceOf(BaseAppException.class, wrapped.getCause());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("plain IOException is wrapped via file-processing exception")
+        void plainIoExceptionWrapped() {
+            IOException io = new IOException("disk full");
+            try (MockedStatic<PdfErrorUtils> mock = mockStatic(PdfErrorUtils.class)) {
+                mock.when(() -> PdfErrorUtils.isCorruptedPdfError(io)).thenReturn(false);
+                RuntimeException wrapped = ExceptionUtils.wrapException(io, "split");
+                assertInstanceOf(IOException.class, wrapped.getCause());
+                assertFalse(wrapped.getCause() instanceof BaseAppException);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("checked non-IO exception is wrapped with operation context")
+        void checkedExceptionWrapped() {
+            Exception checked = new Exception("oops");
+            RuntimeException wrapped = ExceptionUtils.wrapException(checked, "convert");
+            assertSame(checked, wrapped.getCause());
+            assertTrue(wrapped.getMessage().contains("convert"));
+            assertTrue(wrapped.getMessage().contains("oops"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("rejects null exception or operation")
+        void wrapNullArgs() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ExceptionUtils.wrapException(null, "op"));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.wrapException(new Exception(), null));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("logException return value and handlePdfException null guard")
+    class LogAndHandleTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("logException returns the same exception instance for fluent throw")
+        void logExceptionReturnsSame() {
+            Exception e = new RuntimeException("unexpected");
+            try (MockedStatic<PdfErrorUtils> mock = mockStatic(PdfErrorUtils.class)) {
+                mock.when(() -> PdfErrorUtils.isCorruptedPdfError(e)).thenReturn(false);
+                Exception returned = ExceptionUtils.logException("op", e);
+                assertSame(e, returned);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("logException rejects null operation or exception")
+        void logExceptionNullArgs() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ExceptionUtils.logException(null, new Exception()));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ExceptionUtils.logException("op", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("handlePdfException rejects null exception")
+        void handlePdfNull() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ExceptionUtils.handlePdfException(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("handlePdfException with context wraps corrupted PDF and includes context")
+        void handlePdfWithContext() {
+            IOException original = new IOException("damaged");
+            try (MockedStatic<PdfErrorUtils> mock = mockStatic(PdfErrorUtils.class)) {
+                mock.when(() -> PdfErrorUtils.isCorruptedPdfError(original)).thenReturn(true);
+                IOException result = ExceptionUtils.handlePdfException(original, "during merge");
+                assertInstanceOf(PdfCorruptedException.class, result);
+                assertTrue(result.getMessage().contains("during merge"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,847 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSDictionary;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDResources;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType1Font;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.Standard14Fonts;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.annotation.PDAnnotationWidget;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDAcroForm;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDCheckBox;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDComboBox;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDListBox;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDRadioButton;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDSignatureField;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDTerminalField;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDTextField;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Gap coverage for {@link FormUtils} methods not exercised by {@code FormUtilsTest} (disabled) or
+ * {@code FormUtilsAdditionalTest}. Focuses on coordinate extraction, the page-map / repair / prune
+ * / delete / modify lifecycle, and the package-private parsing helpers.
+ */
+class FormUtilsGapTest {
+
+    private record SetupDocument(PDPage page, PDAcroForm acroForm) {}
+
+    private static SetupDocument createBasicDocument(PDDocument document) {
+        PDPage page = new PDPage();
+        document.addPage(page);
+
+        PDAcroForm acroForm = new PDAcroForm(document);
+        // Register a Helvetica font in the default resources and set a default appearance so
+        // PDFBox can write text-field values without throwing "/DA is a required entry".
+        PDResources dr = new PDResources();
+        dr.put(COSName.getPDFName("Helv"), new PDType1Font(Standard14Fonts.FontName.HELVETICA));
+        acroForm.setDefaultResources(dr);
+        acroForm.setDefaultAppearance("/Helv 12 Tf 0 g");
+        acroForm.setNeedAppearances(true);
+        document.getDocumentCatalog().setAcroForm(acroForm);
+
+        return new SetupDocument(page, acroForm);
+    }
+
+    private static void attachWidget(
+            SetupDocument setup, PDTerminalField field, PDRectangle rectangle) throws IOException {
+        PDAnnotationWidget widget = new PDAnnotationWidget();
+        widget.setRectangle(rectangle);
+        widget.setPage(setup.page());
+        // Start from an empty list: a fresh terminal field has no /Kids, so getWidgets() would
+        // return a synthetic widget wrapping the field dict itself. Re-adding that turns the field
+        // into a self-referential non-terminal field whose getWidgets() is empty.
+        List<PDAnnotationWidget> widgets = new ArrayList<>();
+        widgets.add(widget);
+        field.setWidgets(widgets);
+        setup.acroForm().getFields().add(field);
+        setup.page().getAnnotations().add(widget);
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constants
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Field type constants")
+    class Constants {
+
+        @Test
+        void typeConstantsHaveExpectedValues() {
+            assertEquals("text", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_TEXT);
+            assertEquals("checkbox", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_CHECKBOX);
+            assertEquals("combobox", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_COMBOBOX);
+            assertEquals("listbox", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_LISTBOX);
+            assertEquals("radio", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_RADIO);
+            assertEquals("button", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_BUTTON);
+            assertEquals("signature", FormUtils.FIELD_TYPE_SIGNATURE);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void choiceFieldTypesContainsExpectedMembers() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.CHOICE_FIELD_TYPES.contains("combobox"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.CHOICE_FIELD_TYPES.contains("listbox"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.CHOICE_FIELD_TYPES.contains("radio"));
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.CHOICE_FIELD_TYPES.contains("text"));
+            assertEquals(3, FormUtils.CHOICE_FIELD_TYPES.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // detectFieldType (choice/radio/signature/button branches)
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("detectFieldType")
+    class DetectFieldType {
+
+        @Test
+        void comboBoxDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                assertEquals(
+                        "combobox", FormUtils.detectFieldType(new PDComboBox(setup.acroForm())));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void listBoxDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                assertEquals("listbox", FormUtils.detectFieldType(new PDListBox(setup.acroForm())));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void radioButtonDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                assertEquals(
+                        "radio", FormUtils.detectFieldType(new PDRadioButton(setup.acroForm())));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void signatureDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                assertEquals(
+                        "signature",
+                        FormUtils.detectFieldType(new PDSignatureField(setup.acroForm())));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // isChecked
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("isChecked")
+    class IsChecked {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullIsFalse() {
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void truthyValuesAreChecked() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("true"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("1"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("yes"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("on"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("checked"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void truthyValuesAreCaseInsensitiveAndTrimmed() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("  TRUE  "));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("Yes"));
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.isChecked("ON"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void falsyValuesAreNotChecked() {
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked("false"));
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked("0"));
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked("off"));
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked(""));
+            assertFalse(FormUtils.isChecked("anything"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // safeValue
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    void safeValueEmptyStringPassesThrough() {
+        assertEquals("", FormUtils.safeValue(""));
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // parseMultiChoiceSelections
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("parseMultiChoiceSelections")
+    class ParseMultiChoiceSelections {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.parseMultiChoiceSelections(null).isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void blankReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.parseMultiChoiceSelections("   ").isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void splitsAndTrims() {
+            List<String> result = FormUtils.parseMultiChoiceSelections(" a , b ,c ");
+            assertEquals(List.of("a", "b", "c"), result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void dropsEmptySegments() {
+            List<String> result = FormUtils.parseMultiChoiceSelections("a,,b,");
+            assertEquals(List.of("a", "b"), result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // filterChoiceSelections
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("filterChoiceSelections")
+    class FilterChoiceSelections {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullSelectionsReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(null, List.of("A"), "f").isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void emptySelectionsReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(List.of(), List.of("A"), "f").isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void selectionsOfOnlyBlanksReturnsEmpty() {
+            List<String> selections = new ArrayList<>();
+            selections.add("  ");
+            selections.add(null);
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(selections, List.of("A"), "f").isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void matchingSelectionsAreKeptCaseInsensitively() {
+            List<String> result =
+                    FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(
+                            List.of("apple", "BANANA"), List.of("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"), "f");
+            // The resolved (canonical) allowed option is returned, not the input.
+            assertEquals(List.of("Apple", "Banana"), result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void unsupportedSelectionsAreDropped() {
+            List<String> result =
+                    FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(
+                            List.of("Apple", "Grape"), List.of("Apple", "Banana"), "f");
+            assertEquals(List.of("Apple"), result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void missingAllowedOptionsThrows() {
+            org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(List.of("Apple"), List.of(), "fieldX"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullAllowedOptionsThrows() {
+            org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> FormUtils.filterChoiceSelections(List.of("Apple"), null, "fieldX"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // resolveOptions / resolveDisplayOptions / collectChoiceAllowedValues
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("option resolution")
+    class OptionResolution {
+
+        @Test
+        void resolveOptionsForComboBox() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDComboBox combo = new PDComboBox(setup.acroForm());
+                combo.setOptions(List.of("Red", "Green", "Blue"));
+                List<String> options = FormUtils.resolveOptions(combo);
+                assertTrue(options.contains("Red"));
+                assertTrue(options.contains("Green"));
+                assertTrue(options.contains("Blue"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void resolveOptionsForTextFieldIsEmpty() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.resolveOptions(text).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void resolveOptionsForCheckBoxUsesExportValues() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDCheckBox checkBox = new PDCheckBox(setup.acroForm());
+                checkBox.setExportValues(List.of("Yes"));
+                assertEquals(List.of("Yes"), FormUtils.resolveOptions(checkBox));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void resolveDisplayOptionsEmptyForTextField() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.resolveDisplayOptions(text).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void collectChoiceAllowedValuesNullReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.collectChoiceAllowedValues(null).isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void collectChoiceAllowedValuesReturnsOptions() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDComboBox combo = new PDComboBox(setup.acroForm());
+                combo.setOptions(List.of("One", "Two"));
+                List<String> allowed = FormUtils.collectChoiceAllowedValues(combo);
+                assertTrue(allowed.contains("One"));
+                assertTrue(allowed.contains("Two"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // setTextValue
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("setTextValue")
+    class SetTextValue {
+
+        @Test
+        void writesValue() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("note");
+                text.setDefaultAppearance("/Helv 12 Tf 0 g");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(20, 600, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.setTextValue(text, "hello world");
+                assertEquals("hello world", text.getValueAsString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullValueWritesEmptyString() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("note");
+                text.setDefaultAppearance("/Helv 12 Tf 0 g");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(20, 600, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.setTextValue(text, null);
+                assertEquals("", text.getValueAsString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // buildFillTemplateRecord (choice branches not covered elsewhere)
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("buildFillTemplateRecord")
+    class BuildFillTemplateRecord {
+
+        @Test
+        void comboBoxUsesCurrentValue() {
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo info =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "color", "Color", "combobox", "Red", null, false, 0, false, null, 0);
+            Map<String, Object> result = FormUtils.buildFillTemplateRecord(List.of(info));
+            assertEquals("Red", result.get("color"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void singleSelectListBoxUsesValue() {
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo info =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "list", "List", "listbox", "Item1", null, false, 0, false, null, 0);
+            Map<String, Object> result = FormUtils.buildFillTemplateRecord(List.of(info));
+            assertEquals("Item1", result.get("list"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void multiSelectListBoxUsesEmptyArray() {
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo info =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "list", "List", "listbox", "Item1", null, false, 0, true, null, 0);
+            Map<String, Object> result = FormUtils.buildFillTemplateRecord(List.of(info));
+            Object value = result.get("list");
+            assertTrue(value instanceof List<?>);
+            assertTrue(((List<?>) value).isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullValueDefaultsToEmptyString() {
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo info =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "name", "Name", "text", null, null, false, 0, false, null, 0);
+            Map<String, Object> result = FormUtils.buildFillTemplateRecord(List.of(info));
+            assertEquals("", result.get("name"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void entriesWithBlankNamesAreSkipped() {
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo blank =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "  ", "Blank", "text", "x", null, false, 0, false, null, 0);
+            FormUtils.FormFieldInfo good =
+                    new FormUtils.FormFieldInfo(
+                            "kept", "Kept", "text", "x", null, false, 0, false, null, 0);
+            Map<String, Object> result = FormUtils.buildFillTemplateRecord(List.of(blank, good));
+            assertEquals(1, result.size());
+            assertTrue(result.containsKey("kept"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // buildAnnotationPageMap
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("buildAnnotationPageMap")
+    class BuildAnnotationPageMap {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.buildAnnotationPageMap(null).isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void emptyDocumentReturnsEmpty() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.buildAnnotationPageMap(doc).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void mapsWidgetToItsPageIndex() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("a");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(10, 10, 100, 20));
+
+                Map<COSDictionary, Integer> map = FormUtils.buildAnnotationPageMap(doc);
+                assertEquals(1, map.size());
+                assertTrue(map.containsValue(0));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates")
+    class ExtractFormFieldsWithCoordinates {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentReturnsEmpty() {
+            assertTrue(FormUtils.extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates(null).isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void noAcroFormReturnsEmpty() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates(doc).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void textFieldProducesWidgetCoordinates() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("firstName");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                List<stirling.software.common.model.FormFieldWithCoordinates> fields =
+                        FormUtils.extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates(doc);
+                assertEquals(1, fields.size());
+                stirling.software.common.model.FormFieldWithCoordinates field = fields.get(0);
+                assertEquals("firstName", field.getName());
+                assertEquals("text", field.getType());
+                assertNotNull(field.getWidgets());
+                assertEquals(1, field.getWidgets().size());
+                stirling.software.common.model.FormFieldWithCoordinates.WidgetCoordinates wc =
+                        field.getWidgets().get(0);
+                assertEquals(0, wc.getPageIndex());
+                // x is relative to crop-box origin (0 here), so it equals the lower-left x.
+                assertEquals(50f, wc.getX(), 0.01f);
+                assertEquals(200f, wc.getWidth(), 0.01f);
+                assertEquals(20f, wc.getHeight(), 0.01f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void multipleFieldsAreSortedTopToBottom() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+
+                PDTextField lower = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                lower.setPartialName("lower");
+                attachWidget(setup, lower, new PDRectangle(50, 100, 200, 20));
+
+                PDTextField upper = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                upper.setPartialName("upper");
+                attachWidget(setup, upper, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                List<stirling.software.common.model.FormFieldWithCoordinates> fields =
+                        FormUtils.extractFormFieldsWithCoordinates(doc);
+                assertEquals(2, fields.size());
+                // The widget higher on the page (smaller CSS-y after flip) sorts first.
+                assertEquals("upper", fields.get(0).getName());
+                assertEquals("lower", fields.get(1).getName());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // repairMissingWidgetPageReferences
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("repairMissingWidgetPageReferences")
+    class RepairMissingWidgetPageReferences {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentDoesNotThrow() {
+            FormUtils.repairMissingWidgetPageReferences(null);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void documentWithoutAcroFormDoesNotThrow() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                FormUtils.repairMissingWidgetPageReferences(doc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void setsPageReferenceForOrphanWidget() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("orphan");
+
+                // Build a widget that is on the page's annotation list but has no /P page ref.
+                PDAnnotationWidget widget = new PDAnnotationWidget();
+                widget.setRectangle(new PDRectangle(10, 10, 100, 20));
+                List<PDAnnotationWidget> widgets = new ArrayList<>(text.getWidgets());
+                widgets.add(widget);
+                text.setWidgets(widgets);
+                setup.acroForm().getFields().add(text);
+                setup.page().getAnnotations().add(widget);
+
+                assertNull(widget.getPage());
+                FormUtils.repairMissingWidgetPageReferences(doc);
+                assertNotNull(widget.getPage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // deleteFormFields
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("deleteFormFields")
+    class DeleteFormFields {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentIsNoOp() {
+            FormUtils.deleteFormFields(null, List.of("a"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullNamesIsNoOp() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                createBasicDocument(doc);
+                FormUtils.deleteFormFields(doc, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void emptyNamesIsNoOp() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                createBasicDocument(doc);
+                FormUtils.deleteFormFields(doc, List.of());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void removesNamedField() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField keep = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                keep.setPartialName("keep");
+                attachWidget(setup, keep, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                PDTextField remove = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                remove.setPartialName("remove");
+                attachWidget(setup, remove, new PDRectangle(50, 660, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.deleteFormFields(doc, List.of("remove"));
+
+                List<FormUtils.FormFieldInfo> remaining = FormUtils.extractFormFields(doc);
+                assertEquals(1, remaining.size());
+                assertEquals("keep", remaining.get(0).name());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void unknownFieldNameIsIgnored() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField keep = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                keep.setPartialName("keep");
+                attachWidget(setup, keep, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.deleteFormFields(doc, List.of("doesNotExist", "  ", "keep"));
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.extractFormFields(doc).isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // modifyFormFields
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("modifyFormFields")
+    class ModifyFormFields {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentIsNoOp() {
+            FormUtils.modifyFormFields(null, List.of());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullModificationsIsNoOp() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                createBasicDocument(doc);
+                FormUtils.modifyFormFields(doc, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void emptyModificationsIsNoOp() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                createBasicDocument(doc);
+                FormUtils.modifyFormFields(doc, List.of());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void inPlaceRenameAndLabelUpdate() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("oldName");
+                text.setDefaultAppearance("/Helv 12 Tf 0 g");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition mod =
+                        new FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition(
+                                "oldName",
+                                "newName",
+                                "New Label",
+                                null, // keep type (text) -> in-place path
+                                Boolean.TRUE,
+                                null,
+                                null,
+                                null,
+                                null);
+
+                FormUtils.modifyFormFields(doc, List.of(mod));
+
+                List<FormUtils.FormFieldInfo> fields = FormUtils.extractFormFields(doc);
+                assertEquals(1, fields.size());
+                assertEquals("newName", fields.get(0).name());
+                assertEquals("New Label", fields.get(0).label());
+                assertTrue(fields.get(0).required());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void unknownTargetIsSkipped() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("present");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition mod =
+                        new FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition(
+                                "missing", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
+
+                FormUtils.modifyFormFields(doc, List.of(mod));
+
+                // Untouched field remains.
+                List<FormUtils.FormFieldInfo> fields = FormUtils.extractFormFields(doc);
+                assertEquals(1, fields.size());
+                assertEquals("present", fields.get(0).name());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void nullEntriesAndBlankTargetsAreSkipped() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("present");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                List<FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition> mods = new ArrayList<>();
+                mods.add(null);
+                mods.add(
+                        new FormUtils.ModifyFormFieldDefinition(
+                                "  ", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null));
+
+                FormUtils.modifyFormFields(doc, mods);
+                assertEquals(1, FormUtils.extractFormFields(doc).size());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // pruneOrphanedFormFields
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("pruneOrphanedFormFields")
+    class PruneOrphanedFormFields {
+
+        @Test
+        void nullDocumentIsNoOp() {
+            FormUtils.pruneOrphanedFormFields(null);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void documentWithoutAcroFormIsNoOp() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                FormUtils.pruneOrphanedFormFields(doc);
+                assertNull(doc.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm(null));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void keepsFieldsWithLiveWidgets() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("live");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                FormUtils.pruneOrphanedFormFields(doc);
+
+                PDAcroForm form = doc.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm(null);
+                assertNotNull(form);
+                assertEquals(1, form.getFields().size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void dropsAcroFormWhenAllWidgetsOrphaned() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                SetupDocument setup = createBasicDocument(doc);
+                PDTextField text = new PDTextField(setup.acroForm());
+                text.setPartialName("orphan");
+                attachWidget(setup, text, new PDRectangle(50, 700, 200, 20));
+
+                // Remove the widget from the page so it is no longer "live".
+                setup.page().getAnnotations().clear();
+
+                FormUtils.pruneOrphanedFormFields(doc);
+
+                assertNull(doc.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm(null));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // hasAnyRotatedPage (rotated branch)
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("hasAnyRotatedPage")
+    class HasAnyRotatedPage {
+
+        @Test
+        void rotatedPageDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PDPage page = new PDPage();
+                page.setRotation(90);
+                doc.addPage(page);
+                assertTrue(FormUtils.hasAnyRotatedPage(doc));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void unrotatedPageNotDetected() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage());
+                assertFalse(FormUtils.hasAnyRotatedPage(doc));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader;
+import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
+import org.springframework.mock.web.MockMultipartFile;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+/**
+ * Gap-coverage tests for {@link GeneralUtils}. Targets the public methods NOT already exercised by
+ * {@code GeneralUtilsAdditionalTest} (size/url/version/uuid) or {@code GeneralUtilsTest} (filename
+ * helpers, parsePageList basics, saveKeyToSettings): namely {@code generateFilename}, {@code
+ * convertToFileName}, {@code evaluateNFunc}, the n-function {@code parsePageList} path, {@code
+ * createDir}/{@code deleteDirectory}, multipart conversion, the {@code updateSettingsTransactional}
+ * early-return guards, {@code getResourcesFromLocationPattern}, and the environment helpers {@code
+ * generateMachineFingerprint}/{@code getLocalNetworkIp}.
+ */
+class GeneralUtilsGapTest {
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("generateFilename")
+    class GenerateFilenameTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("removes extension then appends suffix")
+        void removesAndAppends() {
+            assertEquals(
+                    "report_out.pdf", GeneralUtils.generateFilename("report.docx", "_out.pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null filename uses default base")
+        void nullFilename() {
+            assertEquals("default_out.pdf", GeneralUtils.generateFilename(null, "_out.pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("filename without extension is preserved")
+        void noExtension() {
+            assertEquals("README_x", GeneralUtils.generateFilename("README", "_x"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("convertToFileName")
+    class ConvertToFileNameTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null returns underscore")
+        void nullReturnsUnderscore() {
+            assertEquals("_", GeneralUtils.convertToFileName(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("keeps letters and digits, replaces others with underscore")
+        void replacesUnsafeChars() {
+            assertEquals("my_file_2024_", GeneralUtils.convertToFileName("my file/2024!"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("alphanumeric input is unchanged")
+        void alphanumericUnchanged() {
+            assertEquals("File123", GeneralUtils.convertToFileName("File123"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("truncates to 50 characters")
+        void truncatesToFifty() {
+            String input = "a".repeat(100);
+            assertEquals(50, GeneralUtils.convertToFileName(input).length());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("evaluateNFunc")
+    class EvaluateNFuncTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null expression throws")
+        void nullThrows() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc(null, 10));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("blank expression throws")
+        void blankThrows() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("   ", 10));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("maxValue below 1 throws")
+        void maxValueTooLow() {
+            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n", 0));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("maxValue above 10000 throws")
+        void maxValueTooHigh() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n", 10001));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid characters throw")
+        void invalidCharsThrow() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n$", 10));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("identity 'n' yields all pages up to maxValue")
+        void identity() {
+            assertEquals(List.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n", 5));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("2n yields even values within bounds")
+        void doubling() {
+            assertEquals(List.of(2, 4, 6), GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("2n", 6));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("implicit multiplication 'n(n-1)' is handled")
+        void implicitMultiplication() {
+            // n*(n-1): n=1->0(excluded), n=2->2, n=3->6 ; capped at maxValue 6
+            assertEquals(List.of(2, 6), GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n(n-1)", 6));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("results outside (0, maxValue] are excluded")
+        void boundsExcluded() {
+            // n+10 always exceeds maxValue 5 -> empty
+            assertTrue(GeneralUtils.evaluateNFunc("n+10", 5).isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("parsePageList n-function path")
+    class ParsePageListNFuncTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("n-function token expands to matching one-based pages")
+        void nFunctionOneBased() {
+            // 2n for total 6 (one-based) -> values 2,4,6 mapped to (v-1+1)=v
+            assertEquals(List.of(2, 4, 6), GeneralUtils.parsePageList("2n", 6, true));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("n-function token zero-based subtracts one")
+        void nFunctionZeroBased() {
+            // 2n for total 6 zero-based -> values 2,4,6 mapped to (v-1+0)=v-1
+            assertEquals(List.of(1, 3, 5), GeneralUtils.parsePageList("2n", 6, false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("createDir and deleteDirectory")
+    class DirectoryTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createDir makes a nested directory and returns true")
+        void createNested(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+            Path nested = tempDir.resolve("a").resolve("b").resolve("c");
+            assertTrue(GeneralUtils.createDir(nested.toString()));
+            assertTrue(Files.isDirectory(nested));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("createDir returns true when directory already exists")
+        void createExisting(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+            assertTrue(GeneralUtils.createDir(tempDir.toString()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("deleteDirectory removes a populated tree without touching siblings")
+        void deletePopulatedTree(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+            Path sibling = tempDir.resolve("sibling");
+            Files.createDirectories(sibling);
+            Files.writeString(sibling.resolve("keep.txt"), "data");
+
+            Path root = tempDir.resolve("root");
+            Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("nested"));
+            Files.writeString(root.resolve("a.txt"), "x");
+            Files.writeString(root.resolve("nested").resolve("b.txt"), "y");
+
+            GeneralUtils.deleteDirectory(root);
+
+            assertFalse(Files.exists(root));
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(sibling.resolve("keep.txt")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("multipart conversion")
+    class MultipartTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("convertMultipartFileToFile writes content to a temp file")
+        void convertWritesContent() throws IOException {
+            byte[] content = "hello world".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            MultipartFile mf =
+                    new MockMultipartFile("file", "input.bin", "application/octet-stream", content);
+
+            File out = GeneralUtils.convertMultipartFileToFile(mf);
+            try {
+                assertTrue(out.exists());
+                assertArrayEquals(content, Files.readAllBytes(out.toPath()));
+            } finally {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(out.toPath());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("convertMultipartFileToFile handles empty input")
+        void convertEmpty() throws IOException {
+            MultipartFile mf =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file", "empty.bin", "application/octet-stream", new byte[0]);
+
+            File out = GeneralUtils.convertMultipartFileToFile(mf);
+            try {
+                assertTrue(out.exists());
+                assertEquals(0, out.length());
+            } finally {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(out.toPath());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("multipartToFile writes content to a .pdf temp file")
+        void multipartToFileWritesContent() throws IOException {
+            byte[] content = "%PDF-1.7 minimal".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            MultipartFile mf = new MockMultipartFile("file", "doc.pdf", "application/pdf", content);
+
+            File out = GeneralUtils.multipartToFile(mf);
+            try {
+                assertTrue(out.exists());
+                assertTrue(out.getName().endsWith(".pdf"));
+                assertArrayEquals(content, Files.readAllBytes(out.toPath()));
+            } finally {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(out.toPath());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getResourcesFromLocationPattern")
+    class ResourcePatternTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("file: pattern resolves matching files in a directory")
+        void filePatternResolves(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws Exception {
+            Files.writeString(tempDir.resolve("one.txt"), "1");
+            Files.writeString(tempDir.resolve("two.txt"), "2");
+
+            String pattern = "file:" + tempDir.toString().replace("\\", "/") + "/*";
+            Resource[] resources =
+                    GeneralUtils.getResourcesFromLocationPattern(
+                            pattern, new DefaultResourceLoader());
+
+            assertNotNull(resources);
+            assertEquals(2, resources.length);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("classpath pattern with no matches returns an empty array")
+        void classpathNoMatches() throws Exception {
+            Resource[] resources =
+                    GeneralUtils.getResourcesFromLocationPattern(
+                            "classpath*:this/path/does/not/exist/**/*.nope",
+                            new DefaultResourceLoader());
+
+            assertNotNull(resources);
+            assertEquals(0, resources.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("updateSettingsTransactional early-return guards")
+    class SettingsGuardTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null map returns without throwing")
+        void nullMapNoOp() {
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> GeneralUtils.updateSettingsTransactional(null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty map returns without throwing")
+        void emptyMapNoOp() {
+            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> GeneralUtils.updateSettingsTransactional(Map.of()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("environment-dependent helpers")
+    class EnvironmentHelperTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("generateMachineFingerprint returns a non-blank, deterministic value")
+        void fingerprintStable() {
+            String first = GeneralUtils.generateMachineFingerprint();
+            assertNotNull(first);
+            assertFalse(first.isBlank());
+            // Deterministic within the same JVM/host
+            assertEquals(first, GeneralUtils.generateMachineFingerprint());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getLocalNetworkIp returns null or a dotted IPv4 string")
+        void localIpFormat() {
+            String ip = GeneralUtils.getLocalNetworkIp();
+            if (ip != null) {
+                assertTrue(ip.matches("\\d{1,3}(\\.\\d{1,3}){3}"), "unexpected IP form: " + ip);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.lenient;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+import stirling.software.common.service.SsrfProtectionService;
+
+class OfficeDocumentSanitizerTest {
+
+    private static final String EXTERNAL_URL = "https://webhook.site/ssrf-callback";
+    private static final String INTERNAL_TARGET = "media/image1.png";
+
+    private static final String DOCX_RELS =
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                    + "<Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\">"
+                    + "<Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image\""
+                    + " Target=\""
+                    + EXTERNAL_URL
+                    + "\" TargetMode=\"External\"/>"
+                    + "<Relationship Id=\"rId2\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image\""
+                    + " Target=\""
+                    + INTERNAL_TARGET
+                    + "\"/>"
+                    + "</Relationships>";
+
+    private static final String DOCX_DOCUMENT =
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                    + "<w:document xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\">"
+                    + "<w:body><w:p/></w:body></w:document>";
+
+    private static final String ODF_CONTENT_EXTERNAL =
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                    + "<office:document-content"
+                    + " xmlns:office=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:office:1.0\""
+                    + " xmlns:draw=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:drawing:1.0\""
+                    + " xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">"
+                    + "<office:body><office:text>"
+                    + "<draw:frame><draw:image xlink:href=\""
+                    + EXTERNAL_URL
+                    + "\" xlink:type=\"simple\"/></draw:frame>"
+                    + "<draw:frame><draw:image xlink:href=\"Pictures/image1.png\" xlink:type=\"simple\"/></draw:frame>"
+                    + "</office:text></office:body></office:document-content>";
+
+    private SsrfProtectionService ssrfProtectionService;
+    private ApplicationProperties applicationProperties;
+    private OfficeDocumentSanitizer sanitizer;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        applicationProperties = new ApplicationProperties();
+        ssrfProtectionService = mock(SsrfProtectionService.class);
+        sanitizer = new OfficeDocumentSanitizer(ssrfProtectionService, applicationProperties);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void isSanitizableExtension_recognizesOoxmlAndOdf() {
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("docx"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("DOCX"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("xlsx"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("pptx"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("odt"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("ods"));
+        assertTrue(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("odp"));
+        assertFalse(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("pdf"));
+        assertFalse(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension("html"));
+        assertFalse(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension(""));
+        assertFalse(sanitizer.isSanitizableExtension(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_stripsOoxmlExternalRelationship() throws IOException {
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("word/_rels/document.xml.rels", DOCX_RELS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        entries.put("word/document.xml", DOCX_DOCUMENT.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(result.get("word/_rels/document.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(rels.contains(EXTERNAL_URL), "External URL should be stripped from .rels");
+        assertFalse(
+                rels.toLowerCase().contains("targetmode=\"external\""),
+                "TargetMode=External relationship should be removed");
+        assertTrue(rels.contains(INTERNAL_TARGET), "Internal image target should be preserved");
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                DOCX_DOCUMENT.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
+                result.get("word/document.xml"),
+                "Non-rels entries must be untouched");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_pptxExternalImageRelStripped() throws IOException {
+        String pptxRels =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                        + "<Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\">"
+                        + "<Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image\""
+                        + " Target=\""
+                        + EXTERNAL_URL
+                        + "\" TargetMode=\"External\"/>"
+                        + "</Relationships>";
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.rels", pptxRels.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] pptx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(pptx, "pptx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(result.get("ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(rels.contains(EXTERNAL_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_xlsxExternalImageRelStripped() throws IOException {
+        String xlsxRels =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                        + "<Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\">"
+                        + "<Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image\""
+                        + " Target=\""
+                        + EXTERNAL_URL
+                        + "\" TargetMode=\"External\"/>"
+                        + "</Relationships>";
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put(
+                "xl/drawings/_rels/drawing1.xml.rels", xlsxRels.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] xlsx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(xlsx, "xlsx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(
+                        result.get("xl/drawings/_rels/drawing1.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(rels.contains(EXTERNAL_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_odtStripsExternalXlinkHrefButKeepsInternal() throws IOException {
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("content.xml", ODF_CONTENT_EXTERNAL.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        String manifestXml =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><manifest:manifest"
+                        + " xmlns:manifest=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:manifest:1.0\"/>";
+        entries.put("META-INF/manifest.xml", manifestXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] odt = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(odt, "odt");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String content = new String(result.get("content.xml"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(content.contains(EXTERNAL_URL), "External xlink:href should be stripped");
+        assertTrue(content.contains("Pictures/image1.png"), "Internal href should be preserved");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_odsStripsExternalXlinkHref() throws IOException {
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("content.xml", ODF_CONTENT_EXTERNAL.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] ods = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(ods, "ods");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String content = new String(result.get("content.xml"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(content.contains(EXTERNAL_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_odpStripsExternalXlinkHrefInStylesXml() throws IOException {
+        String stylesXml =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                        + "<office:document-styles"
+                        + " xmlns:office=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:office:1.0\""
+                        + " xmlns:draw=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:drawing:1.0\""
+                        + " xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">"
+                        + "<draw:image xlink:href=\""
+                        + EXTERNAL_URL
+                        + "\"/></office:document-styles>";
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("styles.xml", stylesXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] odp = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(odp, "odp");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String content = new String(result.get("styles.xml"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(content.contains(EXTERNAL_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_disabledByConfigReturnsOriginal() throws IOException {
+        applicationProperties.getSystem().setDisableSanitize(true);
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("word/_rels/document.xml.rels", DOCX_RELS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] result = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+        assertArrayEquals(docx, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_unrecognizedExtensionReturnsOriginal() throws IOException {
+        byte[] original = "irrelevant".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        byte[] result = sanitizer.sanitize(original, "pdf");
+        assertArrayEquals(original, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_emptyInputThrows() {
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> sanitizer.sanitize(new byte[0], "docx"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_nullInputThrows() {
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> sanitizer.sanitize(null, "docx"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_preservesEntryWithExternalRefWhenAdminAllowsDomain() throws IOException {
+        applicationProperties
+                .getSystem()
+                .getHtml()
+                .getUrlSecurity()
+                .getAllowedDomains()
+                .add("webhook.site");
+        lenient().when(ssrfProtectionService.isUrlAllowed(eq(EXTERNAL_URL))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("word/_rels/document.xml.rels", DOCX_RELS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(result.get("word/_rels/document.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertTrue(rels.contains(EXTERNAL_URL), "Allow-listed external URL should be preserved");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_doesNotConsultSsrfServiceWhenAllowedDomainsEmpty() throws IOException {
+        // Even if mock would say allowed, we should not invoke it when there is no allow-list,
+        // because MEDIUM default would let public URLs through and re-introduce the vulnerability.
+        lenient().when(ssrfProtectionService.isUrlAllowed(eq(EXTERNAL_URL))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("word/_rels/document.xml.rels", DOCX_RELS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(result.get("word/_rels/document.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertFalse(rels.contains(EXTERNAL_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_handlesNonXmlEntriesSafely() throws IOException {
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        byte[] imageBytes = new byte[] {(byte) 0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a};
+        entries.put("word/media/image1.png", imageBytes);
+        entries.put("word/_rels/document.xml.rels", DOCX_RELS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        assertArrayEquals(imageBytes, result.get("word/media/image1.png"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_internalLinksKeptWhenNoExternalPresent() throws IOException {
+        String internalOnlyRels =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                        + "<Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\">"
+                        + "<Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image\""
+                        + " Target=\"media/image1.png\"/>"
+                        + "</Relationships>";
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put(
+                "word/_rels/document.xml.rels", internalOnlyRels.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] docx = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(docx, "docx");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String rels =
+                new String(result.get("word/_rels/document.xml.rels"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertTrue(rels.contains("media/image1.png"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_corruptZipProducesSafeOutput() throws IOException {
+        byte[] garbage = "this is not a zip file".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        byte[] result = sanitizer.sanitize(garbage, "docx");
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = unzip(result);
+        assertTrue(entries.isEmpty(), "Garbage input must not yield exploitable entries");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void sanitize_relativeOdfPathsArePreserved() throws IOException {
+        String content =
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
+                        + "<office:document-content"
+                        + " xmlns:office=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:office:1.0\""
+                        + " xmlns:draw=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:drawing:1.0\""
+                        + " xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">"
+                        + "<draw:image xlink:href=\"../Pictures/image1.png\"/>"
+                        + "<draw:image xlink:href=\"#anchor\"/>"
+                        + "</office:document-content>";
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        entries.put("content.xml", content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        byte[] odt = zip(entries);
+
+        byte[] cleaned = sanitizer.sanitize(odt, "odt");
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> result = unzip(cleaned);
+        String out = new String(result.get("content.xml"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertTrue(out.contains("../Pictures/image1.png"));
+        assertTrue(out.contains("#anchor"));
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] zip(Map<String, byte[]> entries) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try (ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(baos)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> e : entries.entrySet()) {
+                ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(e.getKey());
+                zos.putNextEntry(entry);
+                zos.write(e.getValue());
+                zos.closeEntry();
+            }
+        }
+        return baos.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, byte[]> unzip(byte[] data) throws IOException {
+        Map<String, byte[]> entries = new HashMap<>();
+        try (ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data))) {
+            ZipEntry e;
+            while ((e = zis.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                entries.put(e.getName(), zis.readAllBytes());
+                zis.closeEntry();
+            }
+        }
+        return entries;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentNameDictionary;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDEmbeddedFilesNameTreeNode;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPageContentStream;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.filespecification.PDComplexFileSpecification;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType1Font;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.Standard14Fonts;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoSettings;
+import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
+
+import stirling.software.common.service.CustomPDFDocumentFactory;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+@MockitoSettings(strictness = Strictness.LENIENT)
+class PdfAttachmentHandlerGapTest {
+
+    @Mock private CustomPDFDocumentFactory pdfDocumentFactory;
+
+    // ----- helpers -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /** Builds a tiny one-page PDF whose page renders the given text lines, each on its own line. */
+    private static byte[] pdfWithLines(String... lines) throws Exception {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4);
+            doc.addPage(page);
+            try (PDPageContentStream cs = new PDPageContentStream(doc, page)) {
+                cs.setFont(new PDType1Font(Standard14Fonts.FontName.HELVETICA), 12);
+                float y = 720f;
+                for (String line : lines) {
+                    cs.beginText();
+                    cs.newLineAtOffset(72f, y);
+                    cs.showText(line);
+                    cs.endText();
+                    y -= 20f;
+                }
+            }
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            doc.save(baos);
+            return baos.toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Builds a blank one-page PDF with no text. */
+    private static byte[] blankPdf() throws Exception {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            doc.addPage(new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4));
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            doc.save(baos);
+            return baos.toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static EmlParser.EmailAttachment attachment(String filename, byte[] data) {
+        EmlParser.EmailAttachment a = new EmlParser.EmailAttachment();
+        a.setFilename(filename);
+        a.setData(data);
+        a.setContentType("application/pdf");
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> embeddedFileNames(byte[] pdfBytes) throws Exception {
+        List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
+        try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes)) {
+            PDDocumentNameDictionary docNames = doc.getDocumentCatalog().getNames();
+            if (docNames == null) {
+                return names;
+            }
+            PDEmbeddedFilesNameTreeNode tree = docNames.getEmbeddedFiles();
+            if (tree == null) {
+                return names;
+            }
+            Map<String, PDComplexFileSpecification> map = tree.getNames();
+            if (map != null) {
+                names.addAll(map.keySet());
+            }
+        }
+        return names;
+    }
+
+    // ----- attachFilesToPdf: short-circuit branches ----------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("attachFilesToPdf short-circuit handling")
+    class ShortCircuitTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null attachment list returns the original bytes untouched")
+        void nullAttachments_returnsOriginalBytes() throws Exception {
+            byte[] original = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(original, null, pdfDocumentFactory);
+            assertSame(original, result);
+            verifyNoInteractions(pdfDocumentFactory);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty attachment list returns the original bytes untouched")
+        void emptyAttachments_returnsOriginalBytes() throws Exception {
+            byte[] original = {9, 8, 7};
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            original, new ArrayList<>(), pdfDocumentFactory);
+            assertSame(original, result);
+            verifyNoInteractions(pdfDocumentFactory);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("attachments with no usable data are skipped and a clean PDF is returned")
+        void attachmentsWithoutData_produceNoEmbeddedFiles() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes = blankPdf();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes)).thenReturn(Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes));
+
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(attachment("empty.pdf", new byte[0]));
+            attachments.add(attachment("alsoEmpty.pdf", null));
+
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory);
+
+            assertNotNull(result);
+            assertTrue(result.length > 0);
+            assertTrue(embeddedFileNames(result).isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- attachFilesToPdf: embedding happy paths -----------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("attachFilesToPdf embedding behaviour")
+    class EmbeddingTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("embeds attachment data even when no '@' marker exists in the PDF text")
+        void embedsAttachment_withoutMarker() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes = pdfWithLines("Just a plain document with no attachment markers");
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes)).thenReturn(Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes));
+
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(attachment("report.pdf", "hello".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory);
+
+            List<String> embedded = embeddedFileNames(result);
+            assertEquals(1, embedded.size());
+            assertTrue(embedded.contains("report.pdf"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("embeds attachment and adds an annotation when an '@' marker matches")
+        void embedsAttachment_withMatchingMarker() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes =
+                    pdfWithLines("Email body text here", "Attachments (1)", "@report.pdf (5 KB)");
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes)).thenReturn(Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes));
+
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(attachment("report.pdf", "PDFDATA".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory);
+
+            List<String> embedded = embeddedFileNames(result);
+            assertTrue(embedded.contains("report.pdf"));
+
+            // The annotation pass should have run and produced at least one annotation on the
+            // page that contains the marker (a blank source page has none).
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(result)) {
+                assertFalse(doc.getPage(0).getAnnotations().isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("attachment without a filename falls back to a generated embedded name")
+        void embedsAttachment_withGeneratedName() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes = blankPdf();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes)).thenReturn(Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes));
+
+            EmlParser.EmailAttachment a = new EmlParser.EmailAttachment();
+            a.setFilename(null);
+            a.setData("x".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(a);
+
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory);
+
+            // A single embedded file should exist with a non-blank generated name.
+            List<String> embedded = embeddedFileNames(result);
+            assertEquals(1, embedded.size());
+            assertFalse(embedded.get(0).isBlank());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("duplicate attachment filenames produce uniquely named embedded files")
+        void embedsAttachments_withDuplicateNames() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes = blankPdf();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes)).thenReturn(Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes));
+
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(attachment("dup.pdf", "a".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+            attachments.add(attachment("dup.pdf", "b".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+
+            byte[] result =
+                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory);
+
+            List<String> embedded = embeddedFileNames(result);
+            assertEquals(2, embedded.size());
+            assertTrue(embedded.contains("dup.pdf"));
+            // The second one must have been disambiguated, not overwritten.
+            assertTrue(embedded.stream().anyMatch(n -> !"dup.pdf".equals(n)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- attachFilesToPdf: error wrapping ------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("attachFilesToPdf error handling")
+    class ErrorHandlingTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("IOException from the factory load propagates to the caller")
+        void factoryIOException_propagates() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes = {0x25, 0x50, 0x44, 0x46}; // "%PDF"
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes))
+                    .thenThrow(new java.io.IOException("boom from factory"));
+
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
+            attachments.add(attachment("a.pdf", "data".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+
+            java.io.IOException ex =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            java.io.IOException.class,
+                            () ->
+                                    PdfAttachmentHandler.attachFilesToPdf(
+                                            pdfBytes, attachments, pdfDocumentFactory));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("boom from factory"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder --------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder")
+    class MarkerFinderTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("finds marker positions inside an attachments section")
+        void findsMarkerPositions() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes =
+                    pdfWithLines(
+                            "Some intro text",
+                            "Attachments (2)",
+                            "@invoice.pdf (10 KB)",
+                            "@photo.png (4 KB)");
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes)) {
+                PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder finder =
+                        new PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder();
+                finder.setSortByPosition(false);
+                String returned = finder.getText(doc);
+
+                // getText is overridden to return an empty string (positions are the payload).
+                assertEquals("", returned);
+
+                List<PdfAttachmentHandler.MarkerPosition> positions = finder.getPositions();
+                assertEquals(2, positions.size());
+
+                List<String> filenames =
+                        positions.stream()
+                                .map(PdfAttachmentHandler.MarkerPosition::getFilename)
+                                .toList();
+                assertTrue(filenames.contains("invoice.pdf"));
+                assertTrue(filenames.contains("photo.png"));
+
+                for (PdfAttachmentHandler.MarkerPosition p : positions) {
+                    assertEquals("@", p.getCharacter());
+                    assertEquals(0, p.getPageIndex());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("collects no positions when there is no attachments section")
+        void noAttachmentSection_noPositions() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes =
+                    pdfWithLines("Plain email body", "Contact us @ support address", "Goodbye");
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes)) {
+                PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder finder =
+                        new PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder();
+                finder.getText(doc);
+                assertTrue(finder.getPositions().isEmpty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("sortByPosition reorders collected positions deterministically")
+        void sortByPosition_sortsPositions() throws Exception {
+            byte[] pdfBytes =
+                    pdfWithLines("Attachments (2)", "@first.pdf (1 KB)", "@second.pdf (2 KB)");
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = Loader.loadPDF(pdfBytes)) {
+                PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder finder =
+                        new PdfAttachmentHandler.AttachmentMarkerPositionFinder();
+                finder.setSortByPosition(true);
+                finder.getText(doc);
+
+                List<PdfAttachmentHandler.MarkerPosition> positions = finder.getPositions();
+                assertEquals(2, positions.size());
+                // With descending-Y sorting and same page, the higher-on-page marker comes first.
+                assertTrue(positions.get(0).getY() >= positions.get(1).getY());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- processInlineImages -------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("processInlineImages")
+    class ProcessInlineImagesTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("replaces a cid: reference with an inline base64 data URI")
+        void replacesCidWithDataUri() {
+            byte[] imageData = {(byte) 0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G'};
+            EmlParser.EmailAttachment img = new EmlParser.EmailAttachment();
+            img.setEmbedded(true);
+            img.setContentId("img001");
+            img.setFilename("pic.png");
+            img.setContentType("image/png");
+            img.setData(imageData);
+
+            EmlParser.EmailContent content = new EmlParser.EmailContent();
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> list = new ArrayList<>();
+            list.add(img);
+            content.setAttachments(list);
+
+            String html = "<html><body><img src=\"cid:img001\"/></body></html>";
+            String result = PdfAttachmentHandler.processInlineImages(html, content);
+
+            String expectedB64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(imageData);
+            assertTrue(result.contains("data:image/png;base64," + expectedB64));
+            assertFalse(result.contains("cid:img001"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("leaves a cid: reference untouched when no attachment matches it")
+        void unmatchedCid_isUnchanged() {
+            EmlParser.EmailAttachment img = new EmlParser.EmailAttachment();
+            img.setEmbedded(true);
+            img.setContentId("known");
+            img.setFilename("known.png");
+            img.setContentType("image/png");
+            img.setData(new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
+
+            EmlParser.EmailContent content = new EmlParser.EmailContent();
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> list = new ArrayList<>();
+            list.add(img);
+            content.setAttachments(list);
+
+            String html = "<img src=\"cid:unknown\"/>";
+            String result = PdfAttachmentHandler.processInlineImages(html, content);
+
+            // The unknown cid reference is preserved verbatim.
+            assertTrue(result.contains("cid:unknown"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns original html when there are no embedded images to map")
+        void noEmbeddedImages_returnsOriginal() {
+            EmlParser.EmailAttachment nonEmbedded = new EmlParser.EmailAttachment();
+            nonEmbedded.setEmbedded(false);
+            nonEmbedded.setContentId("x");
+            nonEmbedded.setData(new byte[] {1});
+
+            EmlParser.EmailContent content = new EmlParser.EmailContent();
+            List<EmlParser.EmailAttachment> list = new ArrayList<>();
+            list.add(nonEmbedded);
+            content.setAttachments(list);
+
+            String html = "<img src=\"cid:x\"/>";
+            assertEquals(html, PdfAttachmentHandler.processInlineImages(html, content));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- formatEmailDate (deterministic UTC) ---------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("formatEmailDate determinism")
+    class FormatEmailDateTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("a known instant formats to a stable UTC string regardless of input zone")
+        void zonedDateTime_formatsToUtc() {
+            // 2024-06-15 12:00 in Tokyo is 03:00 UTC the same day.
+            ZonedDateTime tokyo =
+                    ZonedDateTime.of(2024, 6, 15, 12, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
+            String result = PdfAttachmentHandler.formatEmailDate(tokyo);
+            assertEquals("Sat, Jun 15, 2024 at 3:00 AM UTC", result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("Date overload converts a fixed epoch instant to the expected UTC string")
+        void date_formatsToUtc() {
+            // Epoch milli 0 == 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+            String result = PdfAttachmentHandler.formatEmailDate(new Date(0L));
+            assertEquals("Thu, Jan 1, 1970 at 12:00 AM UTC", result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null inputs yield an empty string for both overloads")
+        void nullInputs_returnEmpty() {
+            assertEquals("", PdfAttachmentHandler.formatEmailDate((Date) null));
+            assertEquals("", PdfAttachmentHandler.formatEmailDate((ZonedDateTime) null));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPageContentStream;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType1Font;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.Standard14Fonts;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.graphics.image.PDImageXObject;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.ImageType;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
+import org.springframework.mock.web.MockMultipartFile;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+import stirling.software.common.service.CustomPDFDocumentFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Additional unit tests for {@link PdfUtils} targeting methods not exercised by {@code
+ * PdfUtilsTest}: convertFromPdf, convertPdfToPdfImage, imageToPdf, addImageToDocument,
+ * overlayImage, containsTextInFile and the error branch of pageSize.
+ */
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+class PdfUtilsGapTest {
+
+    @Mock private CustomPDFDocumentFactory pdfDocumentFactory;
+
+    // ---- helpers ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /** Builds a tiny single-page PDF and returns it serialized to bytes. */
+    private static byte[] simplePdfBytes() throws IOException {
+        try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+            doc.addPage(new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4));
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            doc.save(baos);
+            return baos.toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Builds a PDF with the given number of empty A4 pages. */
+    private static PDDocument docWithPages(int pages) {
+        PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
+        for (int i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
+            doc.addPage(new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4));
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds a PDF with the given number of tiny pages. convertPdfToPdfImage rasterises every page
+     * at 300 DPI, so page area drives the cost; tiny pages keep render work minimal while still
+     * exercising the per-page loop. Page size is non-square so dimension preservation stays
+     * verifiable.
+     */
+    private static PDDocument docWithTinyPages(int pages, float width, float height) {
+        PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
+        for (int i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
+            doc.addPage(new PDPage(new PDRectangle(width, height)));
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    /** Builds a PDF whose pages each contain the given text phrase. */
+    private static PDDocument docWithText(String... pageTexts) throws IOException {
+        PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
+        for (String text : pageTexts) {
+            PDPage page = new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4);
+            doc.addPage(page);
+            try (PDPageContentStream cs = new PDPageContentStream(doc, page)) {
+                cs.beginText();
+                cs.setFont(new PDType1Font(Standard14Fonts.FontName.HELVETICA), 12);
+                cs.newLineAtOffset(100, 700);
+                cs.showText(text);
+                cs.endText();
+            }
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    /** Encodes a small solid-color image to bytes in the requested format. */
+    private static byte[] imageBytes(String format, Color color) throws IOException {
+        BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(20, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+        Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
+        g.setColor(color);
+        g.fillRect(0, 0, 20, 20);
+        g.dispose();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ImageIO.write(img, format, baos);
+        return baos.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    // ---- convertFromPdf -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("convertFromPdf")
+    class ConvertFromPdf {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single PNG image is produced from a one-page PDF")
+        void singlePng() throws Exception {
+            byte[] bytes = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(bytes)).thenReturn(docWithPages(1));
+
+            byte[] out =
+                    PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                            pdfDocumentFactory, bytes, "png", ImageType.RGB, true, 72, "doc", true);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+            // A valid PNG starts with the 8-byte PNG signature.
+            assertEquals((byte) 0x89, out[0]);
+            assertEquals('P', out[1]);
+            assertEquals('N', out[2]);
+            assertEquals('G', out[3]);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single combined JPEG image is produced for multi-page PDF")
+        void singleJpegMultiPage() throws Exception {
+            byte[] bytes = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(bytes)).thenReturn(docWithPages(2));
+
+            byte[] out =
+                    PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                            pdfDocumentFactory,
+                            bytes,
+                            "jpg",
+                            ImageType.RGB,
+                            true,
+                            72,
+                            "doc",
+                            false);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+            // JPEG magic bytes.
+            assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, out[0]);
+            assertEquals((byte) 0xD8, out[1]);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single TIFF image sequence is produced for multi-page PDF")
+        void singleTiffMultiPage() throws Exception {
+            byte[] bytes = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(bytes)).thenReturn(docWithPages(2));
+
+            byte[] out =
+                    PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                            pdfDocumentFactory,
+                            bytes,
+                            "tiff",
+                            ImageType.RGB,
+                            true,
+                            72,
+                            "doc",
+                            true);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("non-single image mode returns a non-empty zip of per-page images")
+        void zipOfImages() throws Exception {
+            byte[] bytes = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(bytes)).thenReturn(docWithPages(2));
+
+            byte[] out =
+                    PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                            pdfDocumentFactory,
+                            bytes,
+                            "png",
+                            ImageType.RGB,
+                            false,
+                            72,
+                            "myfile",
+                            true);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+            // ZIP local-file-header magic "PK\003\004".
+            assertEquals('P', out[0]);
+            assertEquals('K', out[1]);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("DPI above the safe limit throws IllegalArgumentException")
+        void dpiTooHighThrows() {
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[] {1, 2, 3};
+            // The DPI check happens before the document is loaded.
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () ->
+                            PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                                    pdfDocumentFactory,
+                                    bytes,
+                                    "png",
+                                    ImageType.RGB,
+                                    true,
+                                    9999,
+                                    "doc",
+                                    true));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("annotations excluded path still renders successfully")
+        void withoutAnnotations() throws Exception {
+            byte[] bytes = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(bytes)).thenReturn(docWithPages(1));
+
+            byte[] out =
+                    PdfUtils.convertFromPdf(
+                            pdfDocumentFactory,
+                            bytes,
+                            "png",
+                            ImageType.RGB,
+                            true,
+                            72,
+                            "doc",
+                            false);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- convertPdfToPdfImage -----------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("convertPdfToPdfImage")
+    class ConvertPdfToPdfImage {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns a new document with the same page count")
+        void preservesPageCount() throws IOException {
+            // Page size is irrelevant to the count assertion; tiny pages avoid a 300 DPI A4 raster.
+            try (PDDocument source = docWithTinyPages(2, 6f, 9f);
+                    PDDocument result = PdfUtils.convertPdfToPdfImage(source)) {
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                assertEquals(2, result.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("preserves page dimensions of the source")
+        void preservesPageSize() throws IOException {
+            // A small non-square page still proves width/height are carried through (and not
+            // swapped) without rastering a full LETTER page at 300 DPI.
+            float width = 60f;
+            float height = 90f;
+            try (PDDocument source = new PDDocument()) {
+                source.addPage(new PDPage(new PDRectangle(width, height)));
+                try (PDDocument result = PdfUtils.convertPdfToPdfImage(source)) {
+                    PDRectangle box = result.getPage(0).getMediaBox();
+                    assertEquals(width, box.getWidth(), 0.5f);
+                    assertEquals(height, box.getHeight(), 0.5f);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty document yields an empty document")
+        void emptyDocument() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument source = new PDDocument();
+                    PDDocument result = PdfUtils.convertPdfToPdfImage(source)) {
+                assertEquals(0, result.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- imageToPdf ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("imageToPdf")
+    class ImageToPdf {
+
+        private byte[] runImageToPdf(MultipartFile[] files, String fitOption, boolean autoRotate)
+                throws IOException {
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.createNewDocument()).thenReturn(new PDDocument());
+            return PdfUtils.imageToPdf(files, fitOption, autoRotate, "color", pdfDocumentFactory);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single PNG image becomes a one-page PDF")
+        void singlePngImage() throws IOException {
+            MockMultipartFile file =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file",
+                            "image.png",
+                            MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE,
+                            imageBytes("png", Color.RED));
+
+            byte[] pdfOut = runImageToPdf(new MultipartFile[] {file}, "fillPage", false);
+
+            assertNotNull(pdfOut);
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(pdfOut)) {
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("JPEG image uses the lossy factory path and produces a PDF")
+        void jpegImage() throws IOException {
+            MockMultipartFile file =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file",
+                            "image.jpg",
+                            MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG_VALUE,
+                            imageBytes("jpg", Color.BLUE));
+
+            byte[] pdfOut = runImageToPdf(new MultipartFile[] {file}, "maintainAspectRatio", false);
+
+            assertNotNull(pdfOut);
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(pdfOut)) {
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("fitDocumentToImage sizes the page to the image")
+        void fitDocumentToImage() throws IOException {
+            MockMultipartFile file =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file",
+                            "image.png",
+                            MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE,
+                            imageBytes("png", Color.GREEN));
+
+            byte[] pdfOut = runImageToPdf(new MultipartFile[] {file}, "fitDocumentToImage", false);
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(pdfOut)) {
+                PDRectangle box = doc.getPage(0).getMediaBox();
+                assertEquals(20f, box.getWidth(), 0.5f);
+                assertEquals(20f, box.getHeight(), 0.5f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("multiple images become multiple pages")
+        void multipleImages() throws IOException {
+            MockMultipartFile a =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file",
+                            "a.png",
+                            MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE,
+                            imageBytes("png", Color.RED));
+            MockMultipartFile b =
+                    new MockMultipartFile(
+                            "file",
+                            "b.png",
+                            MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE,
+                            imageBytes("png", Color.BLUE));
+
+            byte[] pdfOut = runImageToPdf(new MultipartFile[] {a, b}, "fillPage", true);
+
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(pdfOut)) {
+                assertEquals(2, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- addImageToDocument -------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("addImageToDocument")
+    class AddImageToDocument {
+
+        private PDImageXObject portraitImage(PDDocument doc) throws IOException {
+            BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(40, 80, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+            return org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.graphics.image.LosslessFactory.createFromImage(
+                    doc, img);
+        }
+
+        private PDImageXObject landscapeImage(PDDocument doc) throws IOException {
+            BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(80, 40, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+            return org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.graphics.image.LosslessFactory.createFromImage(
+                    doc, img);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("fillPage adds an A4 page")
+        void fillPage() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfUtils.addImageToDocument(doc, portraitImage(doc), "fillPage", false);
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+                PDRectangle box = doc.getPage(0).getMediaBox();
+                assertEquals(PDRectangle.A4.getWidth(), box.getWidth(), 0.5f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("maintainAspectRatio adds an A4 page and centers the image")
+        void maintainAspectRatio() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfUtils.addImageToDocument(doc, portraitImage(doc), "maintainAspectRatio", false);
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("fitDocumentToImage sizes the page to the image bounds")
+        void fitDocumentToImage() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfUtils.addImageToDocument(doc, portraitImage(doc), "fitDocumentToImage", false);
+                PDRectangle box = doc.getPage(0).getMediaBox();
+                assertEquals(40f, box.getWidth(), 0.5f);
+                assertEquals(80f, box.getHeight(), 0.5f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("autoRotate with a landscape image swaps to landscape A4")
+        void autoRotateLandscape() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfUtils.addImageToDocument(doc, landscapeImage(doc), "maintainAspectRatio", true);
+                PDRectangle box = doc.getPage(0).getMediaBox();
+                // Landscape: width should now exceed height.
+                assertTrue(box.getWidth() > box.getHeight());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("unknown fit option still adds a page without drawing")
+        void unknownFitOption() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                PdfUtils.addImageToDocument(doc, portraitImage(doc), "unknownOption", false);
+                assertEquals(1, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- overlayImage -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("overlayImage")
+    class OverlayImage {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("overlays only the first page when everyPage is false")
+        void firstPageOnly() throws IOException {
+            byte[] pdf = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdf)).thenReturn(docWithPages(3));
+            byte[] image = imageBytes("png", Color.RED);
+
+            byte[] out = PdfUtils.overlayImage(pdfDocumentFactory, pdf, image, 10f, 10f, false);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(out)) {
+                assertEquals(3, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("overlays every page when everyPage is true")
+        void everyPage() throws IOException {
+            byte[] pdf = simplePdfBytes();
+            when(pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdf)).thenReturn(docWithPages(2));
+            byte[] image = imageBytes("png", Color.BLUE);
+
+            byte[] out = PdfUtils.overlayImage(pdfDocumentFactory, pdf, image, 0f, 0f, true);
+
+            assertNotNull(out);
+            assertTrue(out.length > 0);
+            try (PDDocument doc = org.apache.pdfbox.Loader.loadPDF(out)) {
+                assertEquals(2, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- containsTextInFile -------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("containsTextInFile")
+    class ContainsTextInFile {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("finds text when searching all pages")
+        void allPagesMatch() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("HelloWorld");
+            assertTrue(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "HelloWorld", "all"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null pagesToCheck is treated as all pages")
+        void nullPagesTreatedAsAll() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("FindThis");
+            assertTrue(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "FindThis", null));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns false when text is absent")
+        void noMatch() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("SomeText");
+            assertFalse(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "Missing", "all"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("matches text on an individual page number")
+        void individualPage() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("PageOne", "PageTwo");
+            assertTrue(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "PageTwo", "2"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("matches text within a page range")
+        void pageRange() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("Alpha", "Beta", "Gamma");
+            assertTrue(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "Gamma", "1-3"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("whitespace in the page spec is stripped before parsing")
+        void whitespaceStripped() throws IOException {
+            PDDocument doc = docWithText("One", "Two");
+            assertTrue(PdfUtils.containsTextInFile(doc, "Two", " 1 , 2 "));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- pageSize error branch ---------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("pageSize parsing")
+    class PageSizeParsing {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("non-numeric expected size throws NumberFormatException")
+        void nonNumericThrows() throws IOException {
+            try (PDDocument doc = new PDDocument()) {
+                doc.addPage(new PDPage(PDRectangle.A4));
+                assertThrows(
+                        NumberFormatException.class, () -> PdfUtils.pageSize(doc, "widthxheight"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import stirling.software.common.model.ApplicationProperties;
+
+/**
+ * Gap-filling unit tests for {@link ProcessExecutor}. Focused on the pure logic that can be
+ * exercised without launching any real OS process: command validation branches, the unoserver
+ * endpoint helper methods (via reflection), the {@link ProcessExecutor.Processes} enum, the
+ * singleton/getInstance behaviour, the static unoserver pool setter, and the nested {@link
+ * ProcessExecutor.ProcessExecutorResult} value type.
+ */
+class ProcessExecutorGapTest {
+
+    // ----- reflection helpers -------------------------------------------------
+
+    private void invokeValidateCommand(ProcessExecutor executor, List<String> command)
+            throws Exception {
+        Method method = ProcessExecutor.class.getDeclaredMethod("validateCommand", List.class);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+        try {
+            method.invoke(executor, command);
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw (Exception) e.getCause();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private List<String> invokeStripUnoEndpointArgs(ProcessExecutor executor, List<String> command)
+            throws Exception {
+        Method method = ProcessExecutor.class.getDeclaredMethod("stripUnoEndpointArgs", List.class);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+        return (List<String>) method.invoke(executor, command);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private List<String> invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(
+            ProcessExecutor executor,
+            List<String> command,
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint endpoint)
+            throws Exception {
+        Method method =
+                ProcessExecutor.class.getDeclaredMethod(
+                        "applyUnoServerEndpoint",
+                        List.class,
+                        ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint.class);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+        return (List<String>) method.invoke(executor, command, endpoint);
+    }
+
+    private boolean invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(ProcessExecutor executor, List<String> command)
+            throws Exception {
+        Method method =
+                ProcessExecutor.class.getDeclaredMethod("shouldUseUnoServerPool", List.class);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+        return (boolean) method.invoke(executor, command);
+    }
+
+    private ProcessExecutor qpdfExecutor() {
+        return ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.QPDF);
+    }
+
+    private ProcessExecutor libreOfficeExecutor() {
+        return ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.LIBRE_OFFICE);
+    }
+
+    /** The static unoserver pool is global state; clear it after every test that touches it. */
+    @AfterEach
+    void resetUnoServerPool() {
+        ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(null);
+    }
+
+    // ----- validateCommand deeper branches -----------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("validateCommand path/executable branches")
+    class ValidateCommandPathTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("absolute path executable that does not exist is rejected")
+        void absolutePathExecutableMissing() {
+            String bogus =
+                    System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win")
+                            ? "C:\\definitely\\does\\not\\exist\\tool.exe"
+                            : "/definitely/does/not/exist/tool";
+            IllegalArgumentException ex =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                            () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of(bogus)));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("does not exist"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("path that exists but is a directory is rejected (not a regular file)")
+        void directoryPathExecutableRejected(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+            String dirPath = tempDir.toString();
+            // Ensure the path contains a separator so the path-based validation branch is taken.
+            assertTrue(dirPath.contains("/") || dirPath.contains("\\"));
+            IllegalArgumentException ex =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                            () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of(dirPath)));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("not a regular file"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("absolute path to an existing regular file passes validation")
+        void existingRegularFileExecutablePasses(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws Exception {
+            Path file = tempDir.resolve("fakebinary");
+            Files.writeString(file, "#!/bin/sh\n");
+            assertTrue(Files.exists(file));
+            // Should not throw.
+            invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of(file.toString(), "--version"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("path traversal anywhere in the executable is rejected")
+        void pathTraversalInExecutable() {
+            IllegalArgumentException ex =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                            () ->
+                                    invokeValidateCommand(
+                                            qpdfExecutor(), List.of("/usr/bin/../bin/tool")));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("path traversal"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null byte / newline checks run across every argument, not just the first")
+        void invalidCharactersInLaterArgument() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of("qpdf", "ok", "bad\0arg")));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of("qpdf", "ok", "bad\narg")));
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of("qpdf", "ok", "bad\rarg")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("relative simple command (no separators) is trusted and passes")
+        void relativeSimpleCommandPasses() throws Exception {
+            invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), List.of("qpdf", "--help"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null first-argument executable is rejected")
+        void nullExecutableRejected() {
+            List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
+            command.add(null);
+            // null arg is caught by the per-arg null check before the executable check.
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> invokeValidateCommand(qpdfExecutor(), command));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- stripUnoEndpointArgs ----------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("stripUnoEndpointArgs")
+    class StripUnoEndpointArgsTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("removes space-separated --host/--port/--host-location/--protocol pairs")
+        void stripsSpaceSeparatedArgs() throws Exception {
+            List<String> input =
+                    List.of(
+                            "unoconvert",
+                            "--host",
+                            "1.2.3.4",
+                            "--port",
+                            "9999",
+                            "--host-location",
+                            "remote",
+                            "--protocol",
+                            "https",
+                            "in.docx",
+                            "out.pdf");
+            List<String> result = invokeStripUnoEndpointArgs(qpdfExecutor(), input);
+            assertEquals(List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx", "out.pdf"), result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("removes equals-form --host=.../--port=... arguments")
+        void stripsEqualsFormArgs() throws Exception {
+            List<String> input =
+                    List.of(
+                            "unoconvert",
+                            "--host=5.6.7.8",
+                            "--port=4002",
+                            "--host-location=local",
+                            "--protocol=http",
+                            "doc.odt");
+            List<String> result = invokeStripUnoEndpointArgs(qpdfExecutor(), input);
+            assertEquals(List.of("unoconvert", "doc.odt"), result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("leaves a command without endpoint args unchanged")
+        void leavesPlainCommandUntouched() throws Exception {
+            List<String> input = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx", "out.pdf");
+            List<String> result = invokeStripUnoEndpointArgs(qpdfExecutor(), input);
+            assertEquals(input, result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("returns a fresh list, not the same instance")
+        void returnsNewList() throws Exception {
+            List<String> input = new ArrayList<>(List.of("unoconvert", "a", "b"));
+            List<String> result = invokeStripUnoEndpointArgs(qpdfExecutor(), input);
+            assertNotSame(input, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- applyUnoServerEndpoint --------------------------------------------
+
+    private ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint endpoint(
+            String host, int port, String hostLocation, String protocol) {
+        ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                new ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint();
+        ep.setHost(host);
+        ep.setPort(port);
+        ep.setHostLocation(hostLocation);
+        ep.setProtocol(protocol);
+        return ep;
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("applyUnoServerEndpoint")
+    class ApplyUnoServerEndpointTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName(
+                "injects --host/--port after the executable, defaults omit host-location and protocol")
+        void injectsHostAndPortWithDefaults() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx", "out.pdf");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("9.9.9.9", 7777, "auto", "http");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of(
+                            "unoconvert",
+                            "--host",
+                            "9.9.9.9",
+                            "--port",
+                            "7777",
+                            "in.docx",
+                            "out.pdf"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("non-default host-location and protocol are injected")
+        void injectsHostLocationAndProtocolWhenNonDefault() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("10.0.0.5", 2200, "remote", "https");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of(
+                            "unoconvert",
+                            "--host",
+                            "10.0.0.5",
+                            "--port",
+                            "2200",
+                            "--host-location",
+                            "remote",
+                            "--protocol",
+                            "https",
+                            "in.docx"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("blank host falls back to 127.0.0.1 and non-positive port falls back to 2003")
+        void appliesHostAndPortFallbacks() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("   ", 0, "auto", "http");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of("unoconvert", "--host", "127.0.0.1", "--port", "2003", "in.docx"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("invalid host-location and protocol values are normalised to defaults")
+        void invalidHostLocationAndProtocolNormalised() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("1.1.1.1", 3000, "sideways", "gopher");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            // Both invalid -> normalised to defaults (auto/http) -> neither injected.
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of("unoconvert", "--host", "1.1.1.1", "--port", "3000", "in.docx"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("host-location and protocol matching is case-insensitive and trimmed")
+        void hostLocationAndProtocolCaseInsensitive() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("1.1.1.1", 3000, "  REMOTE ", " HTTPS ");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of(
+                            "unoconvert",
+                            "--host",
+                            "1.1.1.1",
+                            "--port",
+                            "3000",
+                            "--host-location",
+                            "remote",
+                            "--protocol",
+                            "https",
+                            "in.docx"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("existing endpoint args are stripped before re-injection")
+        void stripsExistingEndpointArgsBeforeInjecting() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "--host", "old", "--port", "1", "in.docx");
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("2.2.2.2", 2222, "auto", "http");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(
+                    List.of("unoconvert", "--host", "2.2.2.2", "--port", "2222", "in.docx"),
+                    result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("null endpoint returns the command unchanged")
+        void nullEndpointReturnsCommandUnchanged() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, null);
+            assertEquals(command, result);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty command returns the command unchanged")
+        void emptyCommandReturnedUnchanged() throws Exception {
+            List<String> command = List.of();
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    endpoint("1.1.1.1", 2003, "auto", "http");
+            List<String> result = invokeApplyUnoServerEndpoint(qpdfExecutor(), command, ep);
+            assertEquals(command, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- shouldUseUnoServerPool --------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("shouldUseUnoServerPool")
+    class ShouldUseUnoServerPoolTests {
+
+        private UnoServerPool nonEmptyPool() {
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    new ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint();
+            return new UnoServerPool(List.of(ep));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName(
+                "false for non-LIBRE_OFFICE process type even with a pool and unoconvert command")
+        void falseForNonLibreOfficeProcessType() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertFalse(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(qpdfExecutor(), List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("false when no pool is configured")
+        void falseWhenPoolNull() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(null);
+            assertFalse(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(), List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("false when the configured pool is empty")
+        void falseWhenPoolEmpty() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(new UnoServerPool(List.of()));
+            assertFalse(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(), List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("false for null or empty command")
+        void falseForNullOrEmptyCommand() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertFalse(invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(libreOfficeExecutor(), null));
+            assertFalse(invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(libreOfficeExecutor(), List.of()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("true for a plain unoconvert command with a non-empty pool")
+        void trueForUnoconvertCommand() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertTrue(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(), List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx", "out.pdf")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("true for a unoconvert path with directories and a .exe extension")
+        void trueForUnoconvertWithPathAndExeExtension() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertTrue(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(),
+                            List.of("C:\\tools\\bin\\unoconvert.exe", "in.docx")));
+            assertTrue(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(),
+                            List.of("/usr/local/bin/unoconvert", "in.docx")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("true for the legacy 'unoconv' executable name")
+        void trueForLegacyUnoconv() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertTrue(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(), List.of("unoconv", "in.docx")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("false for soffice, which must not be routed through the pool")
+        void falseForSoffice() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(nonEmptyPool());
+            assertFalse(
+                    invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(
+                            libreOfficeExecutor(),
+                            List.of("/usr/bin/soffice", "--headless", "in.docx")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- Processes enum -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("Processes enum")
+    class ProcessesEnumTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("contains all expected process types")
+        void containsExpectedValues() {
+            ProcessExecutor.Processes[] values = ProcessExecutor.Processes.values();
+            assertEquals(13, values.length);
+            assertEquals(
+                    ProcessExecutor.Processes.LIBRE_OFFICE,
+                    ProcessExecutor.Processes.valueOf("LIBRE_OFFICE"));
+            assertEquals(
+                    ProcessExecutor.Processes.CFF_CONVERTER,
+                    ProcessExecutor.Processes.valueOf("CFF_CONVERTER"));
+            assertEquals(
+                    ProcessExecutor.Processes.FFMPEG, ProcessExecutor.Processes.valueOf("FFMPEG"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("valueOf rejects an unknown name")
+        void valueOfRejectsUnknown() {
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> ProcessExecutor.Processes.valueOf("NOT_A_PROCESS"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("getInstance resolves a non-null singleton for every enum value")
+        void getInstanceForEveryProcessType() {
+            for (ProcessExecutor.Processes p : ProcessExecutor.Processes.values()) {
+                ProcessExecutor instance = ProcessExecutor.getInstance(p);
+                assertNotNull(instance, "instance should not be null for " + p);
+                // Same key returns the cached singleton.
+                assertSame(instance, ProcessExecutor.getInstance(p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- getInstance / liveUpdates -----------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("getInstance behaviour")
+    class GetInstanceTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("single-arg getInstance delegates to liveUpdates=true and is cached")
+        void singleArgDelegatesAndCaches() {
+            ProcessExecutor a = ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.GHOSTSCRIPT);
+            ProcessExecutor b =
+                    ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.GHOSTSCRIPT, true);
+            assertSame(a, b);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("the liveUpdates flag of the first call wins because the instance is cached")
+        void firstCallWinsForCachedInstance() {
+            // First resolution for this type fixes its configuration.
+            ProcessExecutor first =
+                    ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.OCR_MY_PDF, false);
+            ProcessExecutor second =
+                    ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.OCR_MY_PDF, true);
+            assertSame(first, second);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- setUnoServerPool ---------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("setUnoServerPool")
+    class SetUnoServerPoolTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("setting then clearing the pool flips shouldUseUnoServerPool")
+        void poolSetterAffectsRouting() throws Exception {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = libreOfficeExecutor();
+            List<String> command = List.of("unoconvert", "in.docx");
+
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(null);
+            assertFalse(invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(exec, command));
+
+            ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint ep =
+                    new ApplicationProperties.ProcessExecutor.UnoServerEndpoint();
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(new UnoServerPool(List.of(ep)));
+            assertTrue(invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(exec, command));
+
+            ProcessExecutor.setUnoServerPool(null);
+            assertFalse(invokeShouldUseUnoServerPool(exec, command));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- ProcessExecutorResult ---------------------------------------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("ProcessExecutorResult value type")
+    class ProcessExecutorResultTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("constructor stores rc and messages; setters mutate them")
+        void constructorAndSetters() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            ProcessExecutor.ProcessExecutorResult result = exec.new ProcessExecutorResult(0, "ok");
+            assertEquals(0, result.getRc());
+            assertEquals("ok", result.getMessages());
+
+            result.setRc(42);
+            result.setMessages("boom");
+            assertEquals(42, result.getRc());
+            assertEquals("boom", result.getMessages());
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("messages may be null")
+        void allowsNullMessages() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            ProcessExecutor.ProcessExecutorResult result = exec.new ProcessExecutorResult(3, null);
+            assertEquals(3, result.getRc());
+            assertNull(result.getMessages());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ----- runCommandWithOutputHandling validation entry point ---------------
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("runCommandWithOutputHandling validation (no process launched)")
+    class RunCommandValidationTests {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("empty command is rejected before any process is started")
+        void emptyCommandRejected() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> exec.runCommandWithOutputHandling(List.of()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("command containing a null byte is rejected before any process is started")
+        void nullByteCommandRejected() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            assertThrows(
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> exec.runCommandWithOutputHandling(List.of("qpdf", "bad\0arg")));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("absolute non-existent executable is rejected before any process is started")
+        void missingAbsoluteExecutableRejected() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            String bogus =
+                    System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win")
+                            ? "C:\\no\\such\\tool.exe"
+                            : "/no/such/tool";
+            IllegalArgumentException ex =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                            () -> exec.runCommandWithOutputHandling(List.of(bogus)));
+            assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("does not exist"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("validation exception type is not an IOException for bad input")
+        void validationThrowsIllegalArgumentNotIOException() {
+            ProcessExecutor exec = qpdfExecutor();
+            Exception thrown =
+                    assertThrows(
+                            Exception.class,
+                            () -> exec.runCommandWithOutputHandling(List.of("qpdf", "x\ny")));
+            assertInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class, thrown);
+            assertFalse(thrown instanceof IOException);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Widget Inventory Report
+
+This report lists current stock levels for each warehouse.
+
+| Region | Units | Status |
+|---|---|---|
+| North | 1200 | OK |
+| South | 950 | Low |
+| East | 1430 | OK |
+| West | 875 | Low |
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+%%EOF
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+Intro paragraph for section 1.
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+
+# Section 2 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+| golf | 301 | india |
+
+## Section 3 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 |
+
+Intro paragraph for section 4.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 | kilo |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 | november |
+| mike | 501 | oscar | 43 | alpha |
+
+# Section 5 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+| golf | 301 |
+| juliet | 401 |
+| mike | 501 |
+| papa | 601 |
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+
+# Section 7 Heading
+
+Intro paragraph for section 7.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 |
+
+## Section 8 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 | kilo |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 | november |
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+| golf | 301 |
+| juliet | 401 |
+| mike | 501 |
+
+# Section 10 Heading
+
+Intro paragraph for section 10.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+| golf | 301 | india |
+| juliet | 401 | lima |
+| mike | 501 | oscar |
+| papa | 601 | bravo |
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+
+# Section 12 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 | kilo |
+
+## Section 13 Heading
+
+Intro paragraph for section 13.
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+| golf | 301 |
+| juliet | 401 |
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+| golf | 301 | india |
+| juliet | 401 | lima |
+| mike | 501 | oscar |
+
+# Section 15 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 |
+| mike | 501 | oscar | 43 |
+| papa | 601 | bravo | 53 |
+
+Intro paragraph for section 16.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+
+# Section 17 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+| golf | 301 |
+
+## Section 18 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+| golf | 301 | india |
+| juliet | 401 | lima |
+
+Intro paragraph for section 19.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 |
+| mike | 501 | oscar | 43 |
+
+# Section 20 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 | kilo |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 | november |
+| mike | 501 | oscar | 43 | alpha |
+| papa | 601 | bravo | 53 | delta |
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+
+# Section 22 Heading
+
+Intro paragraph for section 22.
+
+| Name | Qty | Price |
+|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot |
+| golf | 301 | india |
+
+## Section 23 Heading
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 |
+
+| Name | Qty | Price | Region | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 | charlie | 3 | echo |
+| delta | 201 | foxtrot | 13 | hotel |
+| golf | 301 | india | 23 | kilo |
+| juliet | 401 | lima | 33 | november |
+| mike | 501 | oscar | 43 | alpha |
+
+# Section 25 Heading
+
+Intro paragraph for section 25.
+
+| Name | Qty |
+|---|---|
+| alpha | 101 |
+| delta | 201 |
+| golf | 301 |
+| juliet | 401 |
+| mike | 501 |
+| papa | 601 |
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+# Lorem Ipsum in Two Columns
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+## 1. Origins
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+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+## 2. Structure
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+Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
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+## 3. Usage
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+## 4. Variations
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+## 5. Typography
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+Curabitur pretium tincidunt lacus. Nulla gravida orci a odio. Nullam various turpis et commodo pharetra est.
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+## 6. Conclusion
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@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Employee Expense Report
+
+Reimbursement Request
+
+EMP-1047
+
+**Report Header**
+
+| Employee Name | Michael Tran |
+|---|---|
+| Employee ID | EMP-1047 |
+| Department | Client Services |
+| Report Date | January 20th, 2026 |
+| Reporting Period | January 5th–16th, 2026 |
+| Manager Approver | Laura Simmons |
+
+**Company Information**
+
+| Company | Summit Consulting Partners |
+|---|---|
+| Company Address | 88 Riverside Plaza, Suite 1400, New York, NY 10069 |
+| Accounting Department Email | expenses@example.com |
+
+**Trip Purpose**
+
+The trip was undertaken for client onsite meetings with Atlantic Energy Solutions in Boston, MA.
+
+**Expense Details**
+
+| Description | Amount | Date | Category |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Flight (NYC to Boston roundtrip) | $325.40 | January 5th, 2026 | Airline ticket |
+| Hotel (3 nights at Harborview Hotel) | $822.75 | January 5th–8th, 2026 | Lodging |
+| Taxi from airport to hotel | $48.00 | January 5th, 2026 | Ground transportation |
+| Client dinner (3 attendees) | $186.20 | January 6th, 2026 | Meals |
+| Parking at JFK Airport | $72.00 | January 5th–8th, 2026 | Parking |
+| Breakfast (per diem not used) | $18.50 | January 7th, 2026 | Meals |
+
+| Description | Amount | Date | Category |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Uber to client office | $22.10 | January 7th, 2026 | Ground transportation |
+| Printing + presentation materials | $46.90 | January 8th, 2026 | Materials |
+| Lunch with client | $39.75 | January 8th, 2026 | Meals |
+| Office supplies (notebooks, pens) | $27.60 | January 10th, 2026 | Supplies |
+| Mileage reimbursement (client visit in NJ, 42 miles @ $0.67/mile) | $28.14 | January 14th, 2026 | Mileage |
+| Team lunch meeting (internal) | $64.30 | January 15th, 2026 | Meals |
+
+Total Expenses $1,701.64
+
+Reimbursement Method
+
+Reimbursement method Direct deposit
+
+Notes
+
+All receipts are attached. Expenses are business-related and comply with company travel policy.
+
+**Approval**
+
+Michael Tran, Employee
+
+Laura Simmons, Manager
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ public class SPDFApplication {
        Map<String, String> propertyFiles = new HashMap<>();

        // External config files
-        Path settingsPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
+        Path settingsPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getSettingsPath());
        log.info("Settings file: {}", settingsPath.toString());
        if (Files.exists(settingsPath)) {
            propertyFiles.put(
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ public class SPDFApplication {
            log.warn("External configuration file '{}' does not exist.", settingsPath.toString());
        }

-        Path customSettingsPath = Paths.get(InstallationPathConfig.getCustomSettingsPath());
+        Path customSettingsPath = Path.of(InstallationPathConfig.getCustomSettingsPath());
        log.info("Custom settings file: {}", customSettingsPath.toString());
        if (Files.exists(customSettingsPath)) {
            String existingLocation =
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public class ExternalAppDepConfig {
                                                checkDependencyAndDisableGroup(cmd);
                                                return null;
                                            })
-                            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+                            .toList();
            invokeAllWithTimeout(tasks, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT.plusSeconds(3));

            // Python / OpenCV special handling
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ public class LocaleConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
        SessionLocaleResolver slr = new SessionLocaleResolver();
        String appLocaleEnv = applicationProperties.getSystem().getDefaultLocale();
-        Locale defaultLocale = // Fallback to UK locale if environment variable is not set
-                Locale.UK;
+        Locale defaultLocale = // Fallback to US locale if environment variable is not set
+                Locale.US;
        if (appLocaleEnv != null && !appLocaleEnv.isEmpty()) {
            Locale tempLocale = Locale.forLanguageTag(appLocaleEnv);
            String tempLanguageTag = tempLocale.toLanguageTag();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class LocaleConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
                    defaultLocale = tempLocale;
                } else {
                    System.err.println(
-                            "Invalid SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE environment variable value. Falling back to default en-GB.");
+                            "Invalid SYSTEM_DEFAULTLOCALE environment variable value. Falling back to default en-US.");
                }
            }
        }
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.StringSchema;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityRequirement;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.servers.Server;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.tags.Tag;

 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;

@@ -60,6 +61,15 @@ public class OpenApiConfig {

        OpenAPI openAPI = new OpenAPI().info(info).openapi("3.0.3");

+        // Register a single global "AI" tag so every AI endpoint groups under it in the docs.
+        // The AI controllers are currently @Hidden, so they don't emit this tag themselves yet;
+        // defining it here keeps the grouping ready for when those endpoints are unhidden.
+        openAPI.addTagsItem(
+                new Tag()
+                        .name("AI")
+                        .description(
+                                "AI-powered document creation, editing, and assistant endpoints."));
+
        // Add server configuration from environment variable
        String swaggerServerUrl = System.getenv("SWAGGER_SERVER_URL");
        Server server;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class AdditionalLanguageJsController {
                                }
                            }
                            // Fallback
-                            return "en_GB";
+                            return "en_US";
                        }
                        """);
        writer.flush();
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import java.util.Map;

 import org.apache.pdfbox.Loader;
 import org.apache.pdfbox.multipdf.Overlay;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdfwriter.compress.CompressParameters;
 import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
@@ -157,7 +158,10 @@ public class PdfOverlayController {
                    PDDocument singlePageDocument = new PDDocument()) {
                singlePageDocument.addPage(overlayPdf.getPage(pageCountInCurrentOverlay));
                File tempFile = Files.createTempFile("overlay-page-", ".pdf").toFile();
-                singlePageDocument.save(tempFile);
+                // NO_COMPRESSION: this single-page doc holds a page copied from overlayPdf.
+                // PDFBox 3.0.7's compressed writer (PDFBOX-6203) drops shared resources imported
+                // across documents, corrupting overlay fonts. Revert once on 3.0.8.
+                singlePageDocument.save(tempFile, CompressParameters.NO_COMPRESSION);

                overlayGuide.put(basePageIndex, tempFile.getAbsolutePath());
                tempFiles.add(tempFile); // Keep track of the temporary file for cleanup
@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@ import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;

-import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
 import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentCatalog;
 import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
-import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.form.PDAcroForm;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPageTree;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
@@ -262,38 +260,31 @@ public class RearrangePagesPDFController {
                }
                log.info("newPageOrder = {}", newPageOrder);
                log.info("totalPages = {}", totalPages);
-                // Create a new list to hold the pages in the new order
-                List<PDPage> newPages = new ArrayList<>();
-                for (int i = 0; i < newPageOrder.size(); i++) {
-                    newPages.add(document.getPage(newPageOrder.get(i)));
+
+                // Snapshot the desired pages before mutating the source document's page tree.
+                List<PDPage> newPages = new ArrayList<>(newPageOrder.size());
+                for (Integer idx : newPageOrder) {
+                    newPages.add(document.getPage(idx));
                }

-                // Create a new document based on the original one
-                try (PDDocument rearrangedDocument =
-                        pdfDocumentFactory.createNewDocumentBasedOnOldDocument(document)) {
-
-                    // Add the pages in the new order
-                    for (PDPage page : newPages) {
-                        rearrangedDocument.addPage(page);
-                    }
-
-                    PDDocumentCatalog sourceCatalog = document.getDocumentCatalog();
-                    if (sourceCatalog != null) {
-                        PDAcroForm sourceForm = sourceCatalog.getAcroForm(null);
-                        if (sourceForm != null) {
-                            rearrangedDocument
-                                    .getDocumentCatalog()
-                                    .getCOSObject()
-                                    .setItem(COSName.ACRO_FORM, sourceForm.getCOSObject());
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    return WebResponseUtils.pdfDocToWebResponse(
-                            rearrangedDocument,
-                            GeneralUtils.generateFilename(
-                                    pdfFile.getOriginalFilename(), "_rearranged.pdf"),
-                            tempFileManager);
+                // Rearrange in-place on the source document rather than copying pages into a
+                // freshly-created PDDocument. Copying pages across documents triggers a PDFBox
+                // 3.0.7 compressed-save regression (PDFBOX-6203, fixed for 3.0.8) where shared
+                // resource objects (fonts, etc.) imported from the source can be silently
+                // dropped from the output, producing pages with "font not found" errors.
+                PDPageTree pages = document.getPages();
+                for (int i = totalPages - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    pages.remove(i);
                }
+                for (PDPage page : newPages) {
+                    pages.add(page);
+                }
+
+                return WebResponseUtils.pdfDocToWebResponse(
+                        document,
+                        GeneralUtils.generateFilename(
+                                pdfFile.getOriginalFilename(), "_rearranged.pdf"),
+                        tempFileManager);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            ExceptionUtils.logException("document rearrangement", e);
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ public class UIDataController {

        if (new java.io.File(runtimePathConfig.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs()).exists()) {
            try (Stream<Path> paths =
-                    Files.walk(Paths.get(runtimePathConfig.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs()))) {
+                    Files.walk(Path.of(runtimePathConfig.getPipelineDefaultWebUiConfigs()))) {
                List<Path> jsonFiles =
                        paths.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
                                .filter(p -> p.toString().endsWith(".json"))
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More